tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53906740601797279852024-03-13T18:18:40.086-07:00Howto write an essayResearch Paper Writer Servicesdawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-39179122260439545222020-08-24T23:44:00.001-07:002020-08-24T23:44:06.617-07:00Golden Age of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBrilliant Age of Capitalism - Essay Example This was when trade was being upset with the rise of new advancements in transport and correspondence which encouraged the universal markets. Railways and steamships were utilized for land transportation of products. This brought forth the universal market with merchandise being moved between nations, for example, America and England. The improvement of worldwide business in fabricates on such a scale was just conceivable as a result of an expansion in universal progressions of capital and the global arrangement of budgetary administrations (Milward 22). This was apparent in post world war II economy of Europe. By 1950 progressively an incredible level of the salary of outside countries such Denmark was from remote exchange with different countries. The swapping scale between national monetary forms was steady in spite of the force among warring countries that was developing. Therefore countries had the option to succeed and develop financially and advance association. The way of lif e for some, residents was at the time much better and kept on improving with the expansion in the national salary per capita because of financial achievement. Over the period 1950-70, the pace of development of yield in the development part was somewhere in the range of 4 and 7 percent a year over Western Europe as entire, and subsequently to some degree higher than the pace of development of all out yield (Milward 52). This additional to the achievement and monetary reliance of countries after World War II. Along these lines various areas of various countries that spent significant time in an exchange to encourage development, rose extensively. The exchange shortfall with the dollar zone expanded triple somewhere in the range of 1951 and 1957 (Milward 182). This expanded yield and western Europe had an overflow that was exceptional. Help stretched out to the residents of a country post war was critical in setting up the state as a methods for the individuals to better themselves. The general change of the German annuities frameworks in 1955-7 , an offer by the Christian Democratic Union for a drawn out working class appointive help, shared little for all intents and purpose, for instance with the expansion of open government assistance in Sweden or Norway aside from an adherence to the view that the security of the state required a positive reaction to the interest for government assistance (Milward 47). This was significant in passing on to the open that as per the government assistanc e strategies set up, they also were to add to the development of the economy in the nations referenced. In my point of view, this was a period of extraordinary hardships, those getting more extravagant were remote financial specialists, investors and shippers. Governments managed a hand, and submerged their economies in the developing scene showcase. This period accordingly offered ascend to a whirlwind of new position openings in transportation and correspondence. The post-war remaking of countries supported by innovative progressions was intended to reconstruct the economy, advance industrialization and modernization. Because of the achievement accomplished in this undertaking, it was fundamental for the legislatures to keep up it for motivations behind accomplishing financial reliance. Political steadiness of this age put partaking nations in the bleeding edge of global exchange, ventures, travel and movement which expanded more than some other period. It is amazing how countries had the option to encounter a period that was high in monetary development because of transportation and correspondence headways. This period was novel and can't as of now be dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-40458768544815711052020-08-22T02:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:32:18.024-07:00How To Become a Straight-A Student Without Struggling Too MuchThe most effective method to Become a Straight-A Student Without Struggling Too Much How to turn into a straight-An understudy? How to successfully oversee time and prevail with regards to concentrating without being fastened to a library? A great deal of understudies pose these inquiries. In any case, very few of them really figure out how to discover replies as well as move information from hypothesis to rehearse. High evaluations open numerous entryways and give extraordinary chances. Getting straight As is about difficult work, control, and steadiness. However, there are some lifehacks that will assist you with improving your contemplating procedure on your approach to higher evaluations. Look at the best tips on the best way to score high while examining and keep up your public activity we assembled for you. Deal with Your Time The best method to begin getting higher scores is sorting out your contemplating procedure. Planning your time may appear to be extreme from the start, however it will pay off. The principal thing you have to comprehend is that quality issues more than amount. That is the reason being engaged while examining is the way to spare time and show signs of improvement results. Set up a standard to kill your TV, telephone and prohibit some other diverting components when considering. Appears to be excessively exhausting? Perhaps. However, you will see, that time you spend on one task will be definitely diminished due to this basic yet compelling practice. The Pareto Principle Youve presumably found out about ââ¬Å"80/20â⬠guideline or the Pareto rule. It expresses that 80% of impacts originate from 20% of causes. How might you utilize this standard in your time the executives? Fundamentally, keep engaged and committed while concentrating as opposed to diverting on amusements. Reading without interruptions for one hour rises to 3 hours of concentrating with side exercises. It will expand your efficiency during considering time and assist you with arriving at better outcomes while investing less energy. Get Organized with Online Tools There are a lot of online apparatuses and applications for arranging your examining procedure in secondary school or school. For instance, there are numerous applications which permit you to utilize online calendars and notes, organizers, diaries, and stickers. It appears to be a pointless misuse of cash, yet they really help. Structure your own arranging framework that will be reasonable and advantageous to utilize. Keep all your talk notes in a single organizer and the entirety of your assignments in another envelope. Monitor the due dates and imprint them in your schedule â⬠computerized or day by day organizer. Along these lines, you will have the option to see the measure of work and cutoff times which will assist you with managing your time. Check your organizer consistently and make notes if necessary. Defining objectives or smaller than normal assignments for a day and check every day achievements at night is likewise an amazing strategy. Tips from a genuine straight-An understudy: Dont neglect to set updates at your work area for the most dire assignments. Along these lines, you can concentrate on the assignments with up and coming cutoff times and viably deal with your time. Structure a Group to Study Together One of the most run of the mill study methods is concentrating in a gathering. Confronting troubles while getting your work done is anything but an uncommon thing. That is the reason its extraordinary to have somebody who can clarify you something you havent trapped in class. Explaining happened inconveniences is a lot simpler when you have somebody to hold your back. Concentrating in a gathering is exceptionally useful for chaotic understudies. It serves to: defeat sluggishness support inspiration get passing marks get in the correct state of mind for an investigation meeting Assemble your colleagues for doing schoolwork. You can meet at someones home or a cafã ©, online visit or video call. The best thoughts for the most part uncover in conversations. Think about: Studying in bunches isn't for anybody. You should attempt this strategy to make your own feeling about it. A few understudies feel their efficiency diminishes in a gathering, and its simpler for them to center when theyre alone. See whether you are one of them. Dont Let Studying Stress You Out Numerous understudies face this regular difficulty â⬠stress. It messes wellbeing up and makes concentrating significantly harder. On the off chance that you need to succeed and turn into the highest point of the class, its basic not to let pressure deal with your life. Adapting to tension isn't the simplest activity, particularly during the finish of semester and finals. That is the reason we arranged a few hints for diminishing pressure while examining or taking tests. Interchange Studying and Rest Normal and still overlooked exhortation is having a 8-hour rest. Its urgent for your body and mind to have rest following a gainful day and extreme mental work. Numerous understudies like to gathering and rest from 4 to 5 hours, which prompts poor profitability, decreased center, and drowsiness. Additionally, it likewise prompts debilitating of the invulnerable framework, and one feels wiped out constantly. This isnt the most ideal approach to turn into a top understudy, isn't that so? Have a decent rest and let your mind rest as well. The unwinding methods you should attempt are: yoga and reflection rub tuning in to quieting music fragrance based treatment For whatever length of time that you keep your body solid and your mind clear and sharpâ⬠you can succeed and concentrate on your contemplating. Quit Procrastinating Do you will in general defer composing a paper or test planning? This exacerbates things even it. Being in a surge in view of forthcoming cutoff times causes significantly more pressure and tension. That is the reason keeping your assignments accumulating isn't the best choice. Arrangement: Attempt to finish one little errand consistently and break enormous assignments into little pieces and complete them individually. You will perceive that it is so beneficial to comprehend that you have a great deal of time ahead till your due date and half-accomplished work as of now. Plan in advance and track the entirety of your fragmented undertakings to ensure you dont miss any basic date or task. After you embrace these investigation propensities, you will see that pressure leaves. 3 Ps You may have found out about Cal Newport and his blog with splendid tips for better contemplating. He effectively composed book arrangement about his profession and understudy life, which you can deservedly add to your inspirational books list. One of his splendid tips is the 3 P approach which you should utilize when feeling like your cerebrum got away during tests and tests. It assists with avoiding tension and incorporates three stages: Arranging Continuing Editing Arranging The primary thing you do when you get your assignments is flipping through them. Make a snappy arrangement of noting request, beginning with simpler inquiries. Plan your time and make speedy notes of the key purposes of your answers. Continuing The subsequent stage is continuing responding to questions beginning with the most effortless ones. Along these lines, you will lessen the weight and deal with your time shrewdly, leaving sufficient opportunity to think on different subjects. It likewise assists with clearing your head and locate the correct answer. Editing The last advance is editing, and it takes around ten minutes. Right any errors and mindfully rehash your answers. Wrapping Up Rest soundly, deal with your time and keep your head up. Dont overlook that high evaluations are not the primary concern in your life. Keeping a parity in your life is basic. Consider that information you get is substantially more significant than your evaluations. Dont penance your social correspondence and wellbeing so as to get straight As. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-91050623604322465552020-07-25T23:20:00.001-07:002020-07-25T23:20:03.717-07:00Classes, a UN assistantship all in a semesters work for Ashleigh Montgomery, MIA 17 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions BlogClasses, a UN assistantship all in a semesters work for Ashleigh Montgomery, MIA 17 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There are so many amazing opportunities for assistantships, internships, or other extra-curricular activities at SIPA. Many students will be elected to leadership positions with the various student-run groups at SIPA, work as Teaching Assistants, Program Assistants, or Departmental Research Assistants, or even have an internship during the semester. The classes at SIPA are often time-consuming, requiring a lot of work outside of class time to complete assignments, making it difficult to balance classwork with other responsibilities. It is not an easy task to manage both, so we thought it would be useful to get a studentâs perspective on how to effectively manage your time if you choose to work in any capacity during the semester. Today we will highlight one of the many SIPA superstars that somehow find time to do it all. Ashleigh Montgomery is pursuing her Master of International Affairs degree at SIPA with a concentration in Human Rights and a specialization in Gender and Public Policy. During her first year at SIPA, Ashleigh worked as the Program Assistant for SIPAâs Day at the UN initiative under Professor Lindenmayer, who served as the Assistant Secretary-General to Kofi Annan. She is the Community Outreach Officer for the Human Rights Working Group and is a Board Member for the Women in Peace and Security Working Group. This past summer, Ashleigh spent 10 weeks as a Women, Peace, and Security intern with UN Women in Timor-Leste, where she worked on the National Action Plan for Women, Peace, and Security. As a grantee for the Womens International Leadership program at International House, she led a team that created a video, an exhibition, and a book that explores feminism in different cultural contexts. She was also awarded a Davis Projects for Peace grant to supervise Peacebuilding Workshops in Burundi this past summer, where she worked with local partner organizations to remotely project manage the workshops throughout Burundi. She has served as a volunteer for the non-profit Burundi Friends International (BFI) since 2014, and co-founded Women Vision Association, an organization working on womenâs empowerment and English learning projects in Burundi. Before coming to SIPA Ashleigh worked at a group home for abused children, then served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Botswana, where she taught life skills at the local primary school. Ever busy, heres how she says she manages it all. This interview was lightly edited for brevity and/or clarity. Where did you work and what were your responsibilities? I was the Program Assistant for SIPAâs Day at the UN initiative, working under Professor Lindenmayer. Many students apply for the initiative and after review and selection of applications with Professor Lindenmayer, students are placed in one of their top three choices of UN departments. Students then shadow this department for 1-3 days, gaining an inside look at what it means to work at the UN. I coordinated each studentâs visit, liaising among myself, Professor Lindenmayer, UN staff members, and the students. I then gathered all necessary follow-up documentation for each studentâs visit. The initiative culminated in a panel I helped organize, in which the UN hosts and SIPA students shared their experiences with each other and with the initiative. Why did you decide to take on extra work during the semester? I wanted to work on something I believed in and was excited about. While I love learning (like nerdy sitting in the front of the classroom love), I am inspired by application outside of a classroom setting, which working on this initiative allowed me to do. One of the reasons I chose SIPA was because of its access to opportunities and proximity to the UN, and I really wanted to take advantage of this right from the start. Working on this initiative allowed me to build relationships with UN staff, and to connect other students with the UN. What were the challenges you faced working during the semester? For me, the workload was erratic. One week two UN departments would want to schedule student visits and the next week eight departments would. So my hours were never set and the time commitment was constantly in flux. As the visits were arranged around dates that worked for both the UN departments and the students, this was something that was out of my control. Of course, midterms, papers, and finals donât shift just because you canât anticipate your weekly workload, so the lack of control over my shifting hours was a challenge. Another challenge was that given the nature of UN work, there were many times when I went through the entire process of scheduling a studentâs visit, only to have the UN staff go on mission or be called into an international meeting right before, thus forcing me to reschedule the visit. This happened several times, and there was one student who this kept happening to over and over! How did you overcome them? In many ways the lack of control over my schedule was just something I had to learn to deal with, as it wasnât something I could change. Setting a schedule for myself in terms of what tasks needed to be done on which days of the week allowed me to create consistency and routine, which gave me a plan to stick to even when visits were shifted around last minute. What was the most rewarding part of working during the semester? One of the commitments asked of students participating in this initiative was to submit an account of their visit. Through these accounts and by speaking with students, I learned that some were offered internships and other possibilities because of the initiative. It was rewarding to read about their excitement about the various experiences they had (getting to sit in blue chairs in the Security Council, spending time on the 38th floor, where the Secretary-Generalâs office is, attending closed meetings they otherwise wouldnât have attended, etc.) and to see what was demystified about working for the UN. Some students had dreams of working for the UN since childhood, so it was great to play a small role in them building relationships with UN staff. How did you juggle classwork and the assistantship? This might sound counter-intuitive, but I manage time better when I am involved in projects outside of just classwork. If I have ten hours to work on assignments, study, etc., chances are I will waste at least six of those hours and be productive for four (possibly even less). However, if I only have a two-hour gap in my day, I will be productive for the entire two hours, largely because if I waste the only time I have I wonât get anything done. What would you recommend to other students considering taking on an internship or assistantship during the semester? I would recommend that you have a clear vision of what you want to get out of your time at SIPA, and spend your time outside of the classroom pursuing this vision! Donât take on an internship just to have an internship; make sure it aligns with your career aspirations, goals, and most importantly, with your passion. It is definitely manageable to do both during the semester but it will be challenging and there will be a time you question things like your sanity. This is normal for SIPA so embrace it! I would also recommend taking time to reflect on your successes and what you could have done better once the semester is over. Professor Lindenmayer asked me to share with her how many email exchanges I had during the initiative, and it was heartening to have concrete evidence of all the work I had put in! [Photo courtesy of Ashleigh Montgomery, MIA 2017] dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-71497644160847400092020-05-22T09:26:00.001-07:002020-05-22T09:26:05.010-07:00Molecular Formula Definition - Chemistry Glossary Molecular Formulaà Definition: An expression which states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance. Examples: There are 6 C atoms and 14 H atoms in a hexane molecule, which has a molecular formula of C6H14. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-50737960504389183262020-05-08T13:25:00.001-07:002020-05-08T13:25:02.758-07:00The Xerox Corporation s History - 1633 Words Introduction The Xerox Corporationââ¬â¢s history, however, is not perfect. In 2002, they were fined $10 million for inflating revenue and profits from 1997 to 2000 by including future payments on existing products (Xerox). They were using various ââ¬Å"topside accounting devices,â⬠to manipulate their equipment revenues and earnings (KPMG). They would record leases of products to customers as sales in order to increase their revenue. The auditing firm used by Xerox was KPMG. KPMG is a global accounting and auditing company and is also recognized as part of the Big Four along with Deloitte, Ernst Young, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (www.accountingverse.com). They allowed Xerox to close a $3 billion ââ¬Å"gapâ⬠between their actual operating resultsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Meanwhile, senior level management personnel received over $5 million in performance based compensation as well as over $30 million in profits from the sale of what was at the time overvalued stock (XEROX CORPORATION). Xeroxââ¬â¢s accounting manipulations were carefully and intentionally executed in an attempt to conceal them from being detected. The corporationââ¬â¢s executives knowingly directed management to perform two main manipulative accounting procedures and actively covered their tracks. They were inappropriately storing revenue off the books, and then conveniently releasing the stored funds at pivotal times in order to increase sluggish or slow earning periods. This is a common practice and it is speculated that many major corporations used these booking techniques at times as well. The company was also accelerating revenues from short-term equipment rentals, which were being described as longer term leases. The variance was noteworthy for according to GAAP, the entire value of a long-term lease should be included in the revenue in the first year. But instead, the value of these rentals was spread throughout the duration of the leases (XEROX CORPORATION). 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Group Members: Billie Bess Harkness (10707899), Resham Khan ( ), Jamie McDougall (10841310) and Justin Hall (10847491) Due Date: week beginning 9th May. 8 Tutorial: Wednesday 3.30pm. Tutor: Moira Scerri. Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Introduction 4 3.1 Fuji Xerox Environment 4 3.2 Fuji Xerox History 5 3.3 Stakeholders 5 3.4 Remanufacturing Process 5 3.5 Products Services 6 3.6 Suppliers dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-71429443620461413492020-05-06T09:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:42:30.977-07:00Why Communication Is Important in a School Setting Free Essays How communication supports positive relationships. Communication is the process of establishing meaningful relationships among human beings. Part of communication is used to share information, thoughts and feelings between each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Communication Is Important in a School Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Effective communication ensures whether the transmitted contents are received and understood by someone in the way they were intended. Also the common goal of effective communication includes creating a general perception, changing behaviours and acquiring correct information. Many people think that communication is easy. It is not just about talking. There are many other things involved with effective communication such as gesture, proper body language, expressions and listening. Communication should not only be mistaken for information sharing only. Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults in all walks of life and at any age whether it be with relatives, friends, neighbours, colleagues, associates or even total strangers. Also, effective language skills are essential for children to access the curriculum. Effective communication in a school is capable to facilitate talent, creative thinking, a change in attitude etc. It is extremely important that pupils learn the value of team work and co-operation from the early stages of their lives. A school is a place where the pupils learn that they have to communicate with other fellow pupils to get work done. It is in the school that the students learn that their ideas, opinions and efforts are valued and that they are active members of the society. Effective communicators must be able to look at things from different perspectives. This enables you to see things from a different view point, helping to build trust and show respect for another personââ¬â¢s feelings on a situation. It also shows that you are interested in what someone has to say and will listen without judgement to both sides of a story. If someone feels they can come and talk with ease and without barriers self-esteem is greatly improved and can lead to more positive relationships with children, staff and parents. Principles of relationship building. Maintaining a good line of communication in school is important for students, arents and the staff. There are several reasons why it is important for school staff to communicate well with each other Good lines of communication. In schools the Head-teachers , teachers, support staff and pupils must all be consistently involved in the process of effective communication. Effective communication has everything to do with constructing a positive school environment. The principles of relationship buildi ng with children, young people and adults can be put down to the dispositions and attitudes of the people that the relationship is between. Relationships of any kind are best built on a foundation of trust and mutual respect if it is to develop into a healthy one. A calm disposition is required especially when dealing with behavioural issues conflicts or disagreements. It is important to be open and approachable so that whenever you interact with someone, they feel at ease, valued and secure. Teamwork plays a big part in showing that whatever the problem everyone understands that there are mutually agreed lines of communication whether it be with children, staff or parents. Positive relationships are built not made and everyone has something different they can contribute. A school is a learning-rich environment, and every member of the school is expected to communicate effectively and contribute to building relationships and show good interpersonal skills. Good communication is also important because it helps to build positive relationships. When clear expectations and boundaries are established and you make your point as plainly and as simply as possible then that leaves no room for interpretation and this creates a positive learning or working environment. In an environment such as this, healthy relationships can be nurtured between anybody. How to cite Why Communication Is Important in a School Setting, Essay examples dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-21531038292434711862020-04-28T01:03:00.001-07:002020-04-28T01:03:03.492-07:00The Misfit and the Miss-Fit free essay sample The Misfit and the ââ¬Å"Miss-Fitâ⬠Flannery Oââ¬â¢Connor is an author who has written a score of short stories; however the author is remembered for one story in particular. The story revolved around a family that had problems just like any other normal family. This familyââ¬â¢s problem was respecting each other and communication. The Family is taking a vacation to Florida when a longing for a stroll down memory lane hits the grandmother, who wants to see a house she had been to before. As the family approaches its destination, an accident takes place that leaves the family stranded on a dirt road where they meet the Misfit, an escaped convict from prison. The misfit would have helped the family out in getting the car working again, but the grandmother had to say Youre The Misfit! I recognized you at once! à getting the whole family massacred because the Misfit could not have any witnesses able to report a location of his whereabouts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Misfit and the Miss-Fit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although this story sounds straightforward, there are some ironic twists discovering who the real Misfit of this story is for example. In Oââ¬â¢Connorââ¬â¢s short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, Oââ¬â¢Connor writes to depict the true ââ¬Å"miss-fitâ⬠in the story to be the grandmother. Red Sammy and his wife were symbolic of the best of mankind. The couple was the epitome of what normal citizens would call good-natured people. Red Sammy gave assistance to a couple of gentlemen that needed gas. When the guys told Sammy a bit about themselves, Sammy gave them a helping hand, and generously offered to give them gas on credit. The gentlemen stiffed Sammy the money they owed him and gave indecency in return. The grand-mother, Red Sammy, and his wife discuss the evil nature of the times and decide that, although they themselves may be good people, ââ¬Ëa good man is hard to find. ââ¬â¢(OConnors Short Stories: Summary and Analysis: à On top of being a very generous man, Sammy also symbolized a sort of warning for the family. ââ¬Å"I felt Red Sammy represented a type of prophet in the story, speaki ng to the Grandmother directly about how trust was becoming dissolute â⬠¦ All the talk of dishonest people is extremely ironic since the family gets into an accident and find out that help was found in none other than the Misfit and a couple of other convicts. In A Good Man is Hard to find, Bailey and his wife were not the two most powerful people in this story, they are very easy to manipulate and they let people walk all over them. They did not even have a large role to play in the story. Their characters were put in the story to build suspense during the conversation between the Misfit and the grandmother. This build up let the readers feel like the grandmother may have a chance to be spared. Its not far from here, I know, the grandmother said. It wouldnt take over twenty minutes. Bailey was looking straight ahead. His jaw was as rigid as a horseshoe. No, he said (Oââ¬â¢Connor, Flannery à ¶48-49). This man is letting his kids behave like little brats allowing them to scream and yell for far too long before he whips the car to the side of the road to yell at the kids to shut up. Although the parents may have been incompetent in raising their children they, like their infant child, should not have had to suffer their fate. The children in the story, although obnoxious and completely disrespectful to all the characters, also play a role that is inherent behavior to most kids. Kids have mostly acted with bad manners and disrespect in the past because the lesson has not been learned that respect is essential to living in society. It is the responsibility of the parents to teach the meaning of respect and general manners to children. June Star, the daughter of Bailey and the mother, is a downright disrespectful little brat that needs to be taught the most about manners and appropriate comments to strangers. The girl has no boundaries in place because it is obvious the parents do not have a discipline routine, and the parents just get rolled over by the children. ââ¬Å"Though shes cute, shes just plain nasty to everybody, as learned pretty early on in the story from the way she treats her grandmother John Wesley, the son of Bailey and the mother, is similar to June Star however not as ruthless a character. This is because between the Grandmother and June there is little time to be on the same playing field in respect to cold-heartedness. The baby is by far the most innocent character in the story. This is because the baby is still a newborn that does not have the brain development to act based on its current knowledge. ââ¬Å"The babys sleeping when its shotâ⬠¦its the easiest member of the family for whom we feel sorry. This is because the baby never even had a chance and died all because the Grandmother made an idiotic comment to a convicted felon ensuring the familyââ¬â¢s fate. The Misfit and his posse are a small group of outlaws who broke out of jail and are attempting to remain hidden from the authorities. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-48734471847671000642020-03-19T18:58:00.001-07:002020-03-19T18:58:03.407-07:00Questions to Ask in a Grad School Admissions InterviewQuestions to Ask in a Grad School Admissions Interview An invitation to interview at the graduate program of your choice is an amazing opportunity to let the graduate committee get to know you - but the purpose of the grad school admissions interview is also for you to learn about the graduate program. All too often applicants forget that they too are conducting an interview. Take advantage of the opportunity an admissions interview offers you good questions that will gather the information that you need to determine if this is the right program for you. Remember that you are interviewing the graduate program - you must choose the program that is right for you.à Asking good questions not only tells you what you need to know about a graduate program, but it tells the admissions committee that you are serious. Good, genuine, questions can impress admissions committees. Questions to Ask During a Graduate Admissions Interview What characteristics are specific to this program and distinguish it from competitors? (Be sure to refer to specific characteristics)Where are recent alumni employed? What do most students do after graduation?What types of financial aid are offered? What criteria are used for choosing recipients?Are there any scholarships or fellowships available? How do I apply?Are there teaching opportunities, such as teaching assistantships and adjunct positions?Do most students publish an article or present a paper before graduation?What applied experiences are included in the program (e.g., internships)? Ask for examples of internship placements.What is the relative importance of admissions test scores, undergraduate grades, recommendations, admissions essays, experience, and other requirements?Does the department prefer applicants immediately out of undergraduate programs or do they prefer applicants with work experience? If they prefer or require experience, what kind of experience are they lo oking for? How are mentoring and advising relationships established? Are advisors assigned?How long do most students take to graduate? How many years of coursework? How long do most students take to complete their dissertations?Do most students live near campus? What is it like to live in this area as a graduate student?How closely do students work with faculty? Is it common for students and faculty to publish together?How long does the average student take to complete a dissertation, roughly?How is the dissertation process structured? Are committee members assigned? dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-73369119942853018562020-03-03T10:45:00.001-08:002020-03-03T10:45:04.254-08:00The Major Laws of ChemistryThe Major Laws of Chemistry Navigating the world of chemistry is much easier once youve got an understanding of the fields basic laws. The most important ones briefly summarized below, describe the foundational concepts and principles of chemistry. Avogadros LawEqual volumes of gases under identical temperature and pressure conditions will contain equal numbers of particles (atoms, ions, molecules, electrons, etc.). Boyles LawAt a constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure to which the gas is subjected: PV k Charles LawAt a constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature in Kelvin: V kT Combining VolumesRefer to Gay-Lussacs Law. Conservation of EnergyEnergy can be neither created nor destroyed; the energy of the universe is constant. This is the First Law of Thermodynamics. Conservation of MassMatter can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be rearranged. Mass remains constant in an ordinary chemical change. This principle is also known as conservation of matter. Daltons LawThe pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. Definite CompositionA compound is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a defined ratio by weight. Dulongââ¬âPetità LawMost metals require 6.2 calories of heat in order to raise the temperature of one gram-atomic mass of metal by one degree Celsius. Faradays LawThe weight of any element liberated during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the cell and also to the equivalent weight of the element. First Law of ThermodynamicsThe total energy of the universe is constant and can be neither created nor destroyed. This law is also known as conservation of energy. Gay-Lussacs LawThe ratio between the combining volumes of gases and the product (if gaseous) can be expressed in small whole numbers. Grahams LawThe rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass. Henrys LawThe solubility of a gas (unless it is highly soluble) is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the gas. Ideal Gas LawThe state of an ideal gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature according to the equation: PV nRT where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of the vessel, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. Multiple ProportionsWhen elements combine, they do so in the ratio of small whole numbers. The mass of one element combines with theà fixed mass of another element according to certain ratios. Periodic LawThe chemical properties of the elements vary periodically according to their atomic numbers. Second Law of ThermodynamicsEntropy increases over time. Another way of stating this law is to say that heat cannot flow, on its own, from an area of cold to an area of hot. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-79522914699177195612020-02-16T02:12:00.001-08:002020-02-16T02:12:04.024-08:00Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a Wind Power Production Research PaperEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a Wind Power Production Project in Turkana Area of Kenya; East Africa - Research Paper Example The project under consideration will constitute a wind farm situated at the South Eastern end of Lake Turkana. This area is mostly uninhabited, rocky and arid desert area. The geographical conditions are unique with daily temperature fluctuations generating strong, predictable wind streams between Lake Turkana and the desert hinterland. Although there is no significant source of water, power or coal, the area can be termed as an enormous natural heat engine. This is due to the wind circulation system coming as a result of the difference in temperatures of the sun-baked land region and the cooler waters of the lake. The heating of the land air causes rising of hot air, which is promptly replaced by the cool air from the Lake blowing as wind throughout the area until it cools down. Contrary to what happens in the oilfield where depletion occurs, the blowing goes on as long as the as the sun shines. The projected area effectively acts as a funnel whereby the wind streams are accelerated to speed up to 15m/s. This ascertains the positivity of the resource to driving turbines for power production. The power deficit in Kenya is a serious problem and the production of electric energy using wind, will boost the production to high. The modelling done estimates that wind power installation with capacities of close to 300 megawatts would be required to increase the power production by 20%. The wind farm will include 365 V53 turbines with hub heights of 44 meters to produce clean electricity into the national grid system. 1.2. Project Timelines The project under consideration is scheduled to take five years to completion though in three phases. The first phase of two years will incorporate ground work and research findings on the viability of this project in the Turkwel region, followed by installation phase of two years, which also see the pre trial use being done. The last one year phase will be the commissioning stage. Timescale of change Environmental Parameter Geologi cal aspect Will not change and will remain stable. Can be more than 50 years Favorable air replenishment and cut down on GHGs. Varies seasonally The population of migratory bird from Lake Turkana will be affected to the south Eastern side. 1.3. Project Location The Lake Turkana project will constitute a wind farm situated 8 Km South East of Lake Turkana in Marsabit County Loyiangalani district of Kenya. The exact position of the proposed plant is between two mount ranges; Southwest of Mt Kulal and Northeast of Mt. Nyiru. The Map Showing the location of the project is exhibited in Annex 1. 1.3.1. Soil Capacity The area has basically a clay based soil meaning the area is more alkaline with the surrounding rocks being predominantly volcanic. The area has undergone tremendous natural degradation in form soil erosion. The soil in the area has been affected by the overgrazing of the pastoralists communities. Lack of vegetation and cutting down of the few trees and shrubs make the area pro ne to soil destruction processes. The construction of the project will result into increased soil erosion during installation of turbines and road construction. This combined with strong winds and occasional rains may lead to acute and chronic erosions. 1.3.2. Ground Water The area consists of efficient aquifers of ground waters that can be utilised for the construction purposes. This is through the drilling of boreholes and provides sufficient project water and avoids competition with the locals. After construction, the extra boreholes will be made available to the local communities. 1.3.3. Surface Water The water quantity and quality is a critical issue and its availability in the project area, is generally low and constitutes one of the major challenges in the region. The dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-56807418766540242372020-02-02T15:26:00.001-08:002020-02-02T15:26:02.155-08:00History of Education In America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsHistory of Education In America - Essay Example This division of labor has increased to a point that many people no longer know how to find or process their own foods, and just buy what they need. Despite this there is "cultural lag" (pg. 13) that shows a maladjustment by some parts of society in their educational institutions when changes in technology, for instance, occur. The more conservative and traditional sectors "lag" at these times, unwilling or unable to keep up. There are also problems with misconceptions that arise from misinformation. This type of "lag" can cause people to accept "factual" evidence that is later found to be untrue. (pg 13). The concept that there is empty "space" between the particles of an atom is being rejected by those who study physics today. However, the original concept will remain part of current curriculums until some time in the future, as will many other revised facts. Personal and societal values enter into every culture's form of education, even though they are constantly changing also, according to Ralph Linton, anthropologist. Many communities reject alternate thinking about religions, lifestyles, politics, etc. Today's core values, in America, are considered small by contrast to previous eras due to the complexity of this society. Instead of a predominant religion presiding over a community's affairs, for instance, a quorum has to be considered in order to enact laws that reflect the moral standards - such as those against killing others. So, too, are the opinions of many factions considered by educational institutions before deciding how they will proceed. The subject of corporeal punishment in schools is one that people used to regard as the school's choice but is now considered undesirable, for... The researcher of this essay aims to present an overview of the book by John D. Pulliam and James Van Patten, History of Education in America. From the early Greek teachings to education of modern times, school has been an important facet of any civilized culture. Todayââ¬â¢s societal demands are numerous and multicultural as the people of the world get deeper into globalization. To compete in the workplace, to succeed, and to influence the future requires an increasingly complex form of education. Relatively speaking, it has always been this way as cultures of the world have had to interact socially and economically. The better oneââ¬â¢s education, the more likely they were to do well in business, and the more opportunities they would have. But in this electronic society of high technology, fast communications and carbon-dating systems, education is a necessity of life, not just an employment tool or a way of achieving status. The solutions of the future will depend on the edu cation of todayââ¬â¢s students. Teachers must be able to adapt also and know what the relationships of educational institutions are to society. The ââ¬Å"New Centuryâ⬠finds schools using more standardized measurements of a studentââ¬â¢s progress, and state-run data tracking. There is a need for schools to be run more professionally and efficiently. Competing in the world market is requiring a return to bilingualism that has been common in Europe and many other countries. As more of the world becomes democratic, the schools will reflect the values of a democratic society. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-23696479250041067432020-01-25T11:50:00.001-08:002020-01-25T11:50:03.921-08:00Global financial crisis impact on EgyptGlobal financial crisis impact on Egypt The world economy is currently going through a serious financial disturbance that sparked off in the United States and has spread to Europe and the rest of the world. The crisis has already led to the collapse of powerful banks and firms as well as to recession in several countries, some consider such consequences as just the tip of the iceberg and that the worst is yet to come. This paper aims to study the current global financial crisis and its impact on Egypt. To do so, it first presents an overview of the causes and consequences of the current instability, followed by an assessment of the depth of the crisis and its implications on the Egyptian economy, the paper highlights the actions taken by the Egyptian government to cope with the effects of the crisis on the Egyptian economy. Outline Introduction Literature Review The Nature of The Financial Crisis The starting of the financial crisis Spreading of financial crisis Effect of The Crisis The effect on USA The effect on Europe The Effect on Asia The policies taken to overcome the financial crisis in different countries In USA In Europe In Asia The impact on the Egyptian economy When did the crisis started to effect the Egyptian economy and which sector started first Financial sector Balance of payment State budget The polices undertaken to overcome the financial crisis in Egypt Increase the government expenditure Decrease custom duties and tariffs Decrease taxes affecting investment Increase expenditure on public good Encourage Egyptian entrepreneurs Conclusion References Introduction: On the border of bankruptcy many giant investment banks and insurance companies around the globe are losing severely to the stock markets till there was no more liquid money available to finance business activities all due to the Financial Crisis, which is the most grave since the Great Depression in the 1930s. In 2008-2009, much of the industrialized world entered into a deep recession due to a financial crisis that had its origin in unprofessional lending practices involving the origination and distribution of mortgage debt in USA. Egypt was not far from this crisis, during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects start to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009, also trade will be affected badly. Due to the globalization; Egyptian stock market was affected by the decrease in price per share of the companies that participate in the Egyptian stock market, which affected the investors badly because of huge transactions of selling the shares by the foreign share holder The Egyptian economists expected a decrease GDP, which lead to problem in financing of some projects. Due to the balance of payment deficit, the Government initiated broadcast tranquility in the hearts of investors, to clarify the steps of successful growth within the economic reform program in previous years. All this factors lead to some expectations; first a sharp decrease in Egyptian exports, foreign investments, Suez Canal and Tourism revenues. The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. But what are the causes of this crisis? And when did it really start? What actions taken to withstand this crisis? How is it going to affect developing countries? We will try to clarify these issues in a simplified manner, by concentrating on Egypt as a developing country. The global financial crisis Economists started to anticipate a vigorous financial crisis that would strike the American economy during Ronald Regan presidency, who could be known as one of the prophets and defenders of capitalism, in which he avoided using the methods proposed by the Keynesian school of thought, replacing them with Von Hayeks free market mechanism, by leaving everything to the market with minimum government intervention, and by saying everything we also include the banking sector, that had been imposed to intense forms of deregulation. (Foley, 2007) Regans regime could be considered as the early development of this financial bubble that is erupting right now, after George W. Bush has accelerated it by promising his voters that he will fulfill the American Dream of owning a house, so he gave credit unions, investment banks, and other financial institutions the absolute freedom to give out loans at high rates, these loans had various names such as credit default swaps and subprime mortgages. (Lendman) Subprime mortgages are new instruments in the financial sector that are manifested to make home ownership chances available to borrowers in the US, not following the traditional rules and regulations investment banks gave those subprime loans, that could also be known as Ninja loans, to borrowers that have; low incomes, no assets, no constant job, limited disposable incomes, and bad credit history. These subprime mortgages are not only considered risky because of the borrowers but also because they are set out on variable interest rates, which will make the monthly payments, paid by the borrowers to vary in monthly basis making it impossible for them to continue on paying their installments. (BLACKBURN) Financial institutions were giving the credit of these subprime mortgages assuming that property prices shall not stop appreciating in its value. Putting in mind that some borrowers could fail to pay, the banks believed that generally the market would be in its favor. As the prices of housing market started to cool down, leaving the banks with greatly undervalued assets, due to the rising rates of the money market. The banks that issued these subprime mortgages initially, did not actually record them on their balance sheets, instead they packaged them with prime mortgages and a spectrum of other assets, into a mortgage baked security MBS, to be traded in the market. The setback was that assets with dissimilar risk profiles were sold together and on the other hand received an AAA grading, making them appealing to global investors especially Europeans, causing the crisis to spread out internationally. (BLACKBURN) And when these subprime borrowers were no more able to repay their mortgages, the issuing institution needed to finance the foreclosure with their own money, bringing the asset back on the balance sheet. This left many banks in a financially unviable situation, in a rather short, unmanageable timeframe. And, the fact that nobody knew how much more of those MBS would return on their balance sheets, banks effectively stopped lending to each other, drying up liquidity substantially, both in the US and in Europe. (McGirr, 2008) The United States GDP decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.2% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Corporate Profits) The European Union GDP decreased by 2.1% from the years 2007 to 2008, which in 2008 the GDP reached 0.9 %, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.2% to 8.5 % in the years from 2007 to 2009, the exports have increased from 1.33 trillion to 1.95 trillion dollars, and the imports have increased from 1.46 trillion to 1.69 trillion dollars, the inflation rate have increased from 1.8% to 3% from 2006 to 2008. (book) Asias GDP decreased by 0.9% from the years 2008 to 2009, which in 2008 the GDP reached 7.6%, the unemployment rate has increased from 7.4%to 7.7%in the years from 2008 to 2009, and the exports have decreased from 49% to 35% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the imports have decreased from 40 % to 29% of the GDP from the year 2007 to 2008, the inflation rate have increased from 6% to 7.9% from the year 2007 to 2008. (Economics and Statistics) Policy responses: in USA To stabilize the financial system, more regulations from the central bank and control on banks, banks Competition should be eliminated like decrease interest rates to increase investment, decrease taxes, to increase investment and productivity and Increase government spending to increase aggregate demand, to increase production, to decrease unemployment. The Federal Reserves decreased the fed funds rates after January 1st in 2008. (Late 2000s recession) President George bush proposed to the government to purchase up to $700 billion troubled mortgage-related assets from financial firms in hopes of improving confidence. The first half of the money was used to buy preferred stick in banks instead of troubled mortgage assets. (Late 2000s recession) In January 2009, the American recovery and reinvestments act of 2009 signed by president Obama to provide a stimulus to the U.S. economy in the wake of the economic downturn.(Late 2000s recession) The act includes federal tax cuts, expansion of unemployment benefits and domestic spending in education, healthcare and infrastructure. Also, tax cuts led to increase in investment and decrease in unemployment (expansionary fiscal policy).(Late 2000s recession) The Federal Reserves facilitated lending to banks by lowering the discount rate to increase liquidity in banks. (Late 2000s recession) Part of an effort to increase dollar liquidity around the world the fed coordinated with other central banks to land simultaneously financial institutions (banks) with it cannot lend directly.(Late 2000s recession) Asia-pacific policy responses On September 15th 2008, china cuts its interest rates for the first time since 2002 and Government spending plan to invest $586 billion in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. (Late 2000s recession) The increase in investment will be in housing, rural infrastructure, health and education, environment, industry, tax cuts. Therefore unemployment will decrease and economic growth will increase and GDP will increase ( as its exports to Europe and USA decrease) so china decrease its interest rates to increase investment , to increase aggregate demand (Late 2000s recession) Indonesia reduced its discounts rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds for the central bank, on the other hand the reserve bank of Australia injected $1.5 billion dollars into the banking system, meanwhile the reserve bank of India injected almost 1.3 billion, and bank of Japan pumped $29.3 billion in the financial system on the 16th of September 2008. (Late 2000s recession) European policy responses: From September, the European commission proposed a 200 billion Euros stimulus plan to be implemented at the European level by the countries and each country got its plan to increase money supply and liquidity. (Late 2000s recession) The impact of the global financial crisis on the Egyptian economy During the last two decades Egypt has implemented an economic reform program (ERSAP); this program targets to stabilize the Egyptian economy and achieving a high gross rate. The implementation of this program increased the gross rate to reach 5.9% in 1999/2000 compared to 1.9% in 1991/1992. (Ramadan, 2009) Effects of The reform have started to appear strongly during the last five years, where the unemployment rate falls from 11.2 % in 2004/2005 to 8.4 % in 2007/2008. Also the foreign direct investment recorded 13.2 billion dollar which represent 81% of the GDP during 2007/2008 compared to 400 million dollar in 2003/2004 which represent 0.5% of the GDP. Egypt succeeded in implementing the right policies to achieve its target where the GDP in Egypt achieved a high growth rates during the last period amounted to 6.8%, 7.1% and 7.2% during the years 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008. (Ramadan, 2009) But during the second half of 2008, the financial crises effects started to appear in the Egyptian economy in many fields. This global financial crisis led to slowdown the Egyptian economy due to the global economic recession; Economists expected a decline in the GDP growth rate during 2009 to reach 4%. Also trade will be affected badly since 75% of Egyptian GDP is from trade divided as follows; about 32% of our exports go to the United States and 32.5% of imports come from United States and the European Union. Economists also expected a sharp decrease in foreign investment, where the two thirds of foreign investment in Egypt during the past two years were from America and Europe. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Ministry of Economic Development expects that the net losses resulting from the crisis will be more than 4 billion dollars during 2008/2009. While the most affected sectors will be the industrial sector. Due to the decrease in demand on the products, factories will reduce their production, which reduces the purchasing power of the per capita, leading to stagnation in the market. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) Egyptian budget will be affected negatively due to several reasons during 2009. First the oil balance will decrease by one billion dollars because the oil prices fell from $ 147 per barrel to 39.5 dollars per barrel, second reason is the sharp decrease in remittances from Egyptians abroad by $ 600 million and the third reason is the decline in tourism revenues by more than 2 billion dollars, which negatively affected all economic activities associated with tourism (Construction Furniture food industries etc). (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The impact of financial crisis on the Egyptian banking system is limited for several reasons; The integration of the Egyptian financial sector in the global financial system is still limited and the Egyptian banking system did not strongly integrated into the global system. Also the central bank adopted the Egyptian plan for reforming the banking system during the period 2004-2008, which encouraged mergers to create strong banking entities. The controls established by the central bank of Egypt for crediting and lending value to ensure liquidity. Also the Banks investments in securities and in mortgage finance were limited, by a percentage not exceeding 5% of the total loan portfolio of the bank. (Abouhbaishe, 2008) The Egyptian government has taken some steps to face this crisis on the Egyptian economy, such as increasing the government expenditure by 15 billion LE, especially for financing new infrastructure projects. The Government also decreased the taxes and trade barriers to motivate local and foreign investors to invest in Egypt. The central bank adopted some polices, which is strengthening of bank supervision, restructuring, and a cleanup of nonperforming loans to protect the financial system in Egypt. Although actions taken by the government to absorb the crises did not show any results, but this was the best way to take for a small developing country like Egypt. Finally Egypt still has some big economic problems that will continue to suffer from in the next several years. (Ramadan, 2009) dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-8691892414201410792020-01-17T08:14:00.001-08:002020-01-17T08:14:03.666-08:00Ethical considerations EssayDeception; the participants were not aware that they were taking part in a psychological study about memory until after the study had taken place in order to reduce the risk of bias in the experiment. Afterwards they were informed and were given the opportunity to withdraw their responses without prejudice. They were told that no names would be recorded and that confidentiality was assured of their result. Another risk would be if people then realised the experiment tested memory they could think it was to do with intelligence and worry that they would be judged as stupidââ¬â¢ if they did not remember many words. This could cause psychological distress to that person and might confirm personal fears of insecurity causing further damage. This could be controlled by warning the participant what the study was going to be about before they did it so if they felt embarrassed or worried about their result they could make a more informed decision not to take part. Results This table shows how many words were recalled by each participant. It shows that the mean average number of words recalled in Condition A was 15.08; 1.59 less than condition B at 16.67. It also allows us to see that 2/3 of the participants recalled more words with classical music playing than they did in silence.à Summary table to show the number of words recalled by each participant in condition A and. Condition B This bar chart shows condition A results in red and condition B in green. From this we can see that both the highest and lowest numbers of words recalled were in condition B. This bar chart clearly demonstrates the difference between condition A and B to vary greatly throughout the experiment.à This pie chart shows the difference between the average scores to be quite insignificant as there is only a 5 % difference which means that although most of the numbers of words recalled did increase from condition a to condition b there was not a big difference when taking into account what their scores actually were and working out the average. I also deduced the range to be 12 for condition A, the lowest/ highest values being 8 and 20, and 17 for condition B, the lowest/ highest values being 7 and 24. The median, however, for both was the same at 16.5. This means there was a wider spread list of values for condition B therefore more variation in how many words people remembered than in condition A.à However the descriptive statistics used above only describe what has been found. In order to suggest the probability of achieving the scores that we did, an inferential sign test was used. A sign test was used as the experimental design was a repeated measures design and the data collected was nominal. When we applied our raw data to the sign test analysis a sign value of 4 was achieved. As this exceeds the critical value of 2, for 12 participants, we can suggest that the raw data achieved is more than 5% due to chance factors and less than 95% due to the manipulation of the independent variable which means our original hypothesis is only partially supported. Discussion From the results obtained in this experiment, we can suggest that our one tailed experimental hypothesis of ââ¬Ëplaying classical music during a memory test will increase the number of words rememberedââ¬â¢, is only partially supported, in that only 2/3 (66.67%) of participants recall improved when tested with classical music. This was not found to achieve a significant level of probability < 0.05, which means that recall was not 95% or more due to the manipulation of the independent variable i.e. whether or not classical music was playing in the background. Therefore on this occasion we must accept our null hypothesis of ââ¬Ëthere will be no significant relationship between whether or not music is played in the background and how many words the participants rememberââ¬â¢ as there was not a high enough probability to suggest that the variation in number of words recalled was a direct effect of the manipulation of the independent variable. In our experiment we found that classical music did improve performance of memory as 2/3 of the participants recall improved. This disagrees with the findings of Cohen whose study suggested that participants who were exposed to background noise were cognitively impaired. Our experiment was similar to Cohenââ¬â¢s in that it tested the effect of environmental stimulants on recall ability. Cohen, however, tested the participants under exposure to aircraft noise which is much louder and more distracting than a relaxing piece of music such as Mozart. Our findings, therefore, may be more appropriately compared to the findings of Dr. George Lozanov. Lozanov designed a way to teach foreign languages to children in a fraction of the learning time. He did this by teaching whilst using certain 60 beats per minute Baroque music and found that his students had a retention rate of 92% and an accuracy of 85- 100% after only thirty days. The findings of which reflect our own in that he used classical music, with the typical 60 beat per minute pattern, to improve performance of memory in the recollection of vocabulary in foreign languages. However, the percentage of improvement in his experiment was 92%, whereas ours was only 66.67% and therefore shows that his experiment was more accurate than our own However, as our participants were young adults and not children, as in the above, direct and reliable comparisons may not be fully appropriate. This could be due to wider social influences upon adults in relation to children for example a young adult would understand the instructions better and therefore might feel under more pressure to perform than a child. This could have adverse effects and make their performance worse or make them try harder than a child would. Due to this ignorance on the childââ¬â¢s behalf, an experiment involving children is often more natural. Also, differences in procedure and experimental design may have led to the difference in findings. For example Lozanov choose to teach foreign languages to children and it has been proven that children have a higher capacity than adults for learning language, as they are not as set in speaking their own language as an adult is. The differences found may have related to this factor and so had an effect upon the data that we achieved. If my experiment had been carried out on children instead I think I would have gotten more positive results due to the above reasons. Other limitations include our choice of method; an experiment is not a natural setting as participants would feel pressurised by the fact that their results were being analysed and might have not been able to concentrate on recalling the words. An improvement could have been a test administered by a normal teacher in a classroom environment, where students would be more used to getting a test and might be more relaxed. This would be unethical, however as it is deceptive. The repeated measures design used meant that the list of words in the second experiment had to be changed because the same participants had seen it in the first experiment and therefore might recall more words after looking at it for a second time. This would have meant the results were inaccurate therefore another list of words was devised. This could however have caused even more problems because, although care was taken not to use more confusing or longer words from one list to another, the experiment was not standardised and therefore direct comparisons could not be made. A matched pairs design would have allowed comparisons to be made between the lists, but not as accurately between the participants, as every participant will be different. The opportunity based sample that I used meant that there werenââ¬â¢t an equal number of males and females, therefore it wasnââ¬â¢t representative. A better sampling technique would be to use stratified sampling, in which equal numbers of the same sex can be selected. If the target population was larger, the sample would have been more representative but we needed to use similarly aged participants, as there would have been difference in recall ability between, for example, a four and an eighteen year old. Using people from our own class could have interfered with the result because the participants knew who they were doing the experiment for and could be biased to the experimenter. Also, I think that using younger participants would have given a more natural element to the experiment, as they would not ask too many questions, worry about the results or interfere as much with the experiment by not trying their best. The participants did not seem to be confused by the standardised instructions but they might not have been clear on why they were doing the experiment, which could have had an effect on their performance. The participants were also talked through the experiment as we carried it out and everything was plainly stated to them. A better way of presentation of the words however, might have been to present them on an over head projector, so that timing could be controlled better; in our experiment, participants were in control of turning over the sheet of paper with the list on and therefore could have turned it over before the test started. The paper was only one sheet thick as well so participants might have been able to see the words even when the sheet was face down. To expand the experiment further, there are many different variables and different aspects of memory which I could test. The serial position effect, mentioned in my introduction, would be an interesting aspect of memory to test as I noticed in the lists of words there were a significant number of words from the start and the end of the actual list, included in the words the participants remembered. We could test this by setting a quota at, say, the first five and last five words and seeing what percentage of the recalled words were within one of these quotas. We could have used a recording of background noise to repeat Cohenââ¬â¢s experiment or used music with words to test the participants. A really interesting experiment would be to use children against adults in a memory test with the classical music, as I believe children would give a more positive result in relation to my hypothesis. I donââ¬â¢t believe that there would be a significant difference between males and females, if any, but it would be worth considering. We could have tested different amounts of words see if there is a difference in capacity of recall between a list of one hundred words and thirty words; would the participants be put off by the amount of words and not remember as many for the long list as the short? There are clearly many different experiments relating to memory that could be tested. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-13541107467452440342020-01-09T04:37:00.001-08:002020-01-09T04:37:03.247-08:00Historical, Physical, Sociocultural And Phycological This exhibition is inspired by the theme Memory focusing on Art as Navigation- A Matter of Time and Place and is taking place in Perc Tucker Reginal Gallery. Navigation is the process or activity of accurately ascertaining one s position and planning and following a route. Navigation can be viewed in several contexts; Historical, Physical, Sociocultural and Phycological. In this exhibition, the context of Art as Navigation will be focusing more on the phycological element of navigation. The way Art as Navigation is viewed is through a cognitive development of achievement and understanding of knowledge, formation of beliefs and attitudes, and decision making and problem solving. It is the journey one takes either with going back to theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Decameron was named after one of Songsongââ¬â¢s favorite books written by Giovanni Boccaccio in the mid-14th century that consisted of a collection of 100 stories told by 10 different characters over 10 days. The si gnificances of this stories are that they all surround the similar theme. Songsong used Boccaccioââ¬â¢s concept and applied to his work by interpreting an outsourced public photo of the 2004 National Peopleââ¬â¢s Congress. Songsong enlarged the NPC 2004 photo and cut it into 10 sections and painted each section individually. When placed together the original photo could be seen at a larger scale. Songsongââ¬â¢s second piece is Cuban Sugar which is a representation of an image of when China went through a domestic sugar cane production. Its titled the Cuban Sugar as a representation of this event reflecting the political conflict of interest through fractured independent sections of the full piece of work. Completing Songsongââ¬â¢s painting are individual sections within the painting with different texture and color, suggesting a layered and disjoint between China and Cuba and their historical interpretation. The second artist featured in this exhibition with amazing art pieces inspired by his childhood memories and materials is, Mark Bradford. Bradford was born in Southern California in what is considered the ââ¬Ëhoodââ¬â¢ of California. Bradford has received both Bachelor and Master in Fine Arts from the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-21900543029543622962020-01-01T01:03:00.001-08:002020-01-01T01:03:03.890-08:00Chapter 6 Study Questions Essay - 1598 Words 1. Define deviance. How does this definition differ from how sociologists define deviance? Deviance is behavior or characteristics that violate important social norms. The difference between how the dictionary defines deviance and how sociologist define deviance is what may be deviant in one place, at one particular time, may not be deviant in another place and time. Basically with times changing something may or may not be tolerated as acceptable behavior. 2. What is situational deviance? Are there different degrees of deviance? Explain. Situational deviance is relative to a particular setting as well as dependent upon who is doing the defining. There are different degrees of deviance, thereââ¬â¢s individual and system blame. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦9. Define and describe, in your own words, the deviance theories of individual blame and system blame. The individual blame theory states that the average beliefs of society are correct which creates balance and happiness in society. The theory of system blame states that more powerful individuals attempt to force their views of right and wrong to powerless individuals. 10. Note some criticisms attached to each theory? Some of the criticisms attached to each theory is biological, psychological, and sociological theories. 11. According to Freud, what causes deviance? Freud believed that deviant behavior is the result of an underdeveloped ego. 12. According to Banefield, what causes deviance? Banefield believed that deviant behavior was caused by lower socioeconomic groups in society developing a different value system. 13. Merton refers to innovation, ritualism, retreatists, and rebels. Explain each term, in your own words, and provide examples for each. 14. How does labeling affect an individual? Labeling will more likely cause an individual to become deviant when social groups label them as such. 15. Note the difference between, and give examples of, primary and secondary deviance? How does capitalist society promote an individuals tendency to be deviant? 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For this question, the answer is the researchers should start looking for the literature survey that straight as the information from the unstructured dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-29078581262838127352019-12-23T20:48:00.001-08:002019-12-23T20:48:04.232-08:00Essay on Scalawags - 2462 Words Scalawags 1. Who were the Scalawags? à · Scalawags is the name given to native or local whites who supported the Rep party. The origins of the word is uncertain but the term came from Scalway, a district in Sheton Island, where small cattle lived. Used in US before the Civil war to mean scrawny or undersized cattle. It was also a synonmy for good for nothing. Southern conservative whites found the scalawags uniquely hateful. Blacks were considerable more understand then the faults of a scalawags who was considered a traitor to the south and his own white race. à · They were primarily thought to be poor whites who had opposed the southern aristocracy and the confederacy and who now sought personal and class gains through theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He missappropiated arms funds. He also took money for pardons and appointments. He betrayed not only his state, but his class, his college, the negroes who voted him in the office and himself. When he finished his term as a governor, he was an hopeless bankrupt. His associates abandoned him. Because of Chamberlains (carpetbagger) effort to erase the corruption left by Moses, some democrats thought about relected him. His wife divorced him and he went to Mass where he was moderator of the town meetings à · Another Ex: Christopher Columbus Bowen (SC): best resembles the conservative stereoptye. Born in RI, he moved to Ge where he made his living as a card dealer. 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The radicals in the South were less accommodative to what President Lincoln was trying to implement at the time. The carpetbaggers and scalawags at the time, began, rebuilding the Southern economy on their own terms, far from the policy President Lincoln was bringing in. because of the end of slavery, freemen were equally included in building the economy, where schools were built and shared dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-5282207742399267342019-12-15T17:18:00.001-08:002019-12-15T17:18:04.287-08:00Managing the Diverse Workforce Free Essays string(41) " by means of excellent work and loyalty\." Everybody is created uniquely as compared with others. There might be qualities that some people or groups possess that the other group does not. This is diversity. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Diverse Workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now A diverse workforce can give many advantages that the problems associated with it are carefully studied and solved for. Variety of ideas and views regarding important matters within the organization can contribute a lot to the success of the work. Although there might arise conflict and misunderstanding, it can be addressed properly to be converted as strength of the company. Efficient diverse workforce management requires a lot of effort and even money, yet it is very worth it for it gives a lot of benefits to the company. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Managing the Diverse Workforce With further advancement in technology, health issues are continuously being addressed. As such, the life expectancy of people is increasing. This has an immense effect in the business sector. According to Sheldon Steinhauser, the median age of workers raised from 38 years in 1994 to 55 or more in 2005. Also, more and more people from poor performing countries or states are going to richer countries or nations to apply for jobs. The days when women are left in the houses for housekeeping and baby-sitting are also over. Women are pursuing their own careers nowadays. With these happenings, diversity in the workforce is very evident and is expected to increase in the coming years. The question now is what its effects in the business are and how this issue should is addressed. Everybody is created uniquely as compared with others. There might be qualities that some people or groups possess that the other group does not. This is diversity. Oftentimes, diversity is associated with demographic-related factors such as ancestry, gender or age. Aside from those mentioned above, this may also cover sexual orientation, educational and professional training, civil status and religious preference. Cultural background is also a major dimension. According to Bateman and Snell, a diversified workforce may include, but are not limited to: ethnic groups and minorities, migrant workers, disable, women, and people with varying expectations, values, affiliations, economic status and work style. In order to manage diversity, the systems and practices must be reviewed and changed if necessary to maximize the capabilities of the people in it. Implementation of the systems must be ensured to extract the abilities of the employees so as to maximize their contribution to the company. In order to do this effectively, the employer or the human resource personnel must know the individual differences of the workforce. Just like in other setting, diversity can be taken as advantageous to the company if handled well. People with varying values and skills may contribute to the aggregate success of the whole. However, to be able to achieve such success, each difference must be preserved and nurtured. Bateman and Stale noted the existence of a glass ceiling in the company. This is an invisible barrier that hinders women and members of the minority groups from reaching a higher level in the hierarchy of the organization. As such, the potentials of these groups are not maximized. However, f or the sake of profit and improvement, this barrier is being removed nowadays. As different ways to manage diversity are being discovered, discrimination in the workplace is slowly exiting. Although there is really no definite formula in handling diversity, researches and experiences help the human resource personnel and leaders extract the full potentials of their employees from all walks of life. Employing people amidst their cultural and demographic background allows the company to have a good share in the labor pool. Many skillful workers belong to ethnic groups or are women, or are older people. Thus, not including them in the search would lessen the already small labor pool. Also, according to studies at the Stanford Business School, as written in the Business and Legal Reports, diversity among employees can generate better performance when it comes to out-of-the-ordinary creative tasks. For instance, business developments are more effective if the decision-making body is composed of diverse individuals. Their different views could be taken into the advantage of the company. Their varying experiences can be put together to achieve a solid and effective decision. In sales and promotions, a team composed of people from different regions or age brackets or lifestyles can have their own suggestions based from what they themselves want or favor. The target customer could be re presented by the members of the team so their needs would be addressed even at the start of the project. Discussions about the differences of ideas can also be taken as positive since more options will arise and more factors would be considered on the initial planning, thus reducing the chance of error or unseen circumstance. Also, a company that crosses boundaries and differences creates a good impression to the labor pool. In effect, workers would be the ones to approach the human resource personnel, thus, saving more money for the promotions and employee search, and more often than not, those highly-skilled workers are the ones who go for such companies. Furthermore, traditional practices may no longer be applicable to the current policies and need and a diverse workforce is more unbounded to deviate from this, resulting to a better system. Businesses and organizations are sprouting all over during the course of time. In effect, competition is high not only for the share of the market, but also for the shrinking labor pool. Aside from attracting workers due to effective diversity management, homogeneity can also address the need for flexibility and change. By valuing the differences of the individuals, the company is rewarded by its employees by means of loyalty and excellence. A secret in effective management is making the subordinates feel its worth as part of the team. If this is given to him, he would strive to return this sense of importance by means of excellent work and loyalty. You read "Managing the Diverse Workforce" in category "Essay examples" This is when the employee shows his best capabilities. Managing a diverse workforce creates a good impression not only to the employees and members of the organizations but to the people outside it as well. According to Bateman and Stale, diverse customers tend to favor these kinds of organizations. Also, the diverse market can be better addressed if they are well-represented in the company by the diverse employees. As such, customer satisfaction is higher and patronage would be awarded. To marginalize the workforce is to waste money, time and skillful workers. Such action would create a bad impression to the market and to the labor pool. Also, it would hinder the entrance of highly-skilled workers who happened to not belong to the widely-accepted group. It may also illicit complaints and conflicts from members of the marginalized group. Having a diverse workforce is not all glory. Diversity also creates conflicts especially if it involves ideas or beliefs. Yes, varying opinions create a healthy atmosphere for discussion and debate but this oftentimes lead to misunderstanding and conflict. Interpersonal conflict may arise and eventually destroy the group. Sometimes, attack is taken not just against the idea but on the person as well. Discrimination among workers may also be difficult to handle. People from different groups tend to be more protective of their identity or beliefs and this often lead to discord. Discussions may also take longer than usual in order to entertain all differing and sometimes conflicting views. Lack of cohesiveness does not only involve ideas or views but even understanding of the goal. The aim may be interpreted differently and this would lead to people walking towards different directions, making the finish line more difficult to reach. This must be attended to at the start so as to ensure that the team is walking towards the same direction in order to save effort, time, money and other resources. According to the Business and Legal Reports, problems also include the answer to the question of how the employees must be treated. Should it be fair or same? What is the basis of fairness? Treating different employees is not an easy task. A simple task of distributing a memo for all the employees poses a problem. The language to be used, the capacity of all the people to understand and a lot others must be taken into primary consideration. Biases must be kept far from decision-making and management but individual capacities of the employees must also be taken into account. As for members of the workforce, the major problem is miscommunication. Differences may hinder smooth transfer of information from the people inside the organization. People from different races might have different understanding in words or expressions. Misinterpreting the gestures or actions of others may yield to conflict or argument within the organization. Also, stereotyping may also arise. An individual or group may think that they are superior to others. This would affect the performance of all the people in the workforce. Instead of focusing on the goal, stereotyped members of the team may be distracted and concentrate on being within the ââ¬Å"more superiorâ⬠group. Also, perseverance and efforts of the members might be disregarded as several members focus on their colleagues. Researches and experiences claim that to manage a diverse workforce is never easy. It is a task that has to be well-taken cared of. Yet, it is also possible. In fact, there are several multicultural organizations that employ a diverse workforce. There are advices for management and human resources personnel as to how this issue must be handled in order to extract the best abilities of the members of the team. First and foremost, the top management must have an eye on the effectiveness of the diverse workforce. They must be sensitive to the feedbacks of diverse groups regarding company policies or ordinances. They must be also aware to the response of the other members of the team. The plans and objectives of the organization must also incorporate diverse workforce. Most of all, top managers must participate and take the lead in the programs that aim to learn about diversity. Trainings and seminars can also be conducted to better handle and manage a diverse workforce. Rewards can be given to further affirm the good works of the team members. Lastly, a team building is essential to create a bond between members of the company. In doing so, the risk of miscommunication is lessened, as well as the possibility for conflict. With the growing competition in the labor pool and the market, any organization cannot afford to lose a skillful individual just because he belongs to a minority or because he is outside the margin line. A diverse workforce can give many advantages that the problems associated with it are carefully studied and solved for. Variety of ideas and views regarding important matters within the organization can contribute a lot to the success of the work. Although there might arise conflict and misunderstanding, it can be addressed properly to be converted as strength of the company. Efficient diverse workforce management requires a lot of effort and even money, yet it is very worth it for it gives a lot of benefits to the company. References Bateman and Snell. Managing the Diverse Workforce. Retrieved November 22, 2007 à à à à from http://management.uta.edu/Dr.Wheeler/Mana5312/Chap011.ppt Business and Legal Reports. Diversity Can Improve Decision-Making. Retrieved à à à à à à à à à à November à à à à à 22, 2007, from http://www.vault.com/nr/newsmain.jsp?nr_page=3 Human Resources, University of California, Berkeley.Guide to Managing Human à à à à à à à à à Resources: Chapter 12: Managing Diversity in the Workplace. Retrieved November à à à 22, 2007 from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/guide/diversity.htm Improvement Network. Managing a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved November 22, à à à à à à à à à 2007 from à à à à à à à à à à à http://www.improvementnetwork.gov.uk/imp/core/page.do?pageId=10912 Piturro Marlene, PhD.. Recruiting and Managing a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved à à à à à à à à à à November à à à à à 22, 2007 from à à à à à http://www.vault.com/nr/newsmain.jsp?nr_page=3ch_id=402 Steinhauser Sheldon. (1999, January). Successfully Managing an Age Diverse Workforce. à à à à à à à Managing Diversity, Vol. 8, Retrieved November 22, 2007 from à à à à à à à à à à à http://clem.mscd.edu/~steinhas/managing_diversity.htm à United States Department of Trade (2007). Leading a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved à à à à November 22, 2007 from http://dothr.ost.dot.gov/Toolkit/Diversity/ à à à à à leading_a_diverse.html à à How to cite Managing the Diverse Workforce, Essay examples dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-14858452586009877072019-12-07T14:02:00.001-08:002019-12-07T14:02:02.953-08:00Narrative essay about friend free essay sample My adventure started when my family and I decided to leave our country. Our destiny was unknown and mysterious, and we didnââ¬â¢t know what the future was holding for us, until destiny managed to bring us to the United States of America. At that time, I was still young, but I realized the greatness of the country that I was headed to. Where people achieved their goals and reached all limit. But I figured there was a big problem, which was the language that I should be adapting to sooner or later. Actually, I hated English ever since school, because our teacher was very bad looking and smelled like a rotten egg, and most of the time the class was disorganized. Students were very quiet and bored to death. And I felt like my heart was dimed in the darkness every time I walked into the classroom. Before going to school in America, I was scared that I would start whispering to myself or shouting loudly and felt my skin was cold and my surface was very smooth, whenever I thought that I canââ¬â¢t adapt to the culture and be part of the society at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative essay about friend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I was looking for friends that speak my language to help me in school and guide me of what was going and be left behind. I met my first two friends Jihad who I called ââ¬Å"Joyâ⬠and Murtadha. My parents and friends tried to convincing me not to be afraid or panic about school and that I was going to pick up language quicker than a sponge would suck water, but my fears overcome these cheers. I felt incapable of control my senses and I would take moment of silence every once in a while, breathing smoothly. I smelled bad wind blowing through my body and body was very heavy that I couldnââ¬â¢t feel my muscle, if like I was almost paralyzed. And I almost felt like crying. I had a fight with my parent on the first day school in the morning to not go to school, but I was forced to go any ways. At the beginning, although I faced some difficulties in learning new language but by time past and with my friends help, I found solution for my problems and defeated the fears I had at the beginning. Finally, I gained an experience and own new friendship in this adventure. After look at this, I learned that donââ¬â¢t let fear overcome you and all your senses, and try to figure out a solution no matter how big is the problem. And if you need help donââ¬â¢t be scared to ask a good friend. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-72804856801306635352019-11-30T01:44:00.001-08:002019-11-30T01:44:03.307-08:00Top 20 Hamlet Essay Topics and Questions Hamlet is a very popular play by William Shakespeare. As strong and engaging the script is, so it provides room for hundreds of topics on which essays can be written. However, writing a piece on Hamlet is not easy. Hearing or reading the story is one thing because itââ¬â¢s an enjoyable experience, but writing an essay on Hamlet is another thing, because the storyline is quite sophisticated, complicated, and carries a lot of details. Writing a Hamlet essay requires not only in-depth knowledge of the story and the dynamics of the interplay of its characters, but also it takes very good literary writing skills to jot down all those points and concoct a convincing argument from them. We can totally understand it if you are having a hard time writing a Hamlet essay! How to Select the Best Hamlet Essay Topic? A Much Searched Question! Finding a suitable topic for a Hamlet essay is no easier either. Students commonly face difficulty wording a title that carries the gist of the essay and truly does justice to it. Here are few guidelines on how to determine the topic for your Hamlet essay: Read the question over and over again until you get a fair understanding of what is required from you. Reading it once wonââ¬â¢t do as you might miss out the details that your teacher wants you to capture. While writing the essay, note the most important points on a separate sheet of paper. It is the time of writing that is the best for determining which points carry more worth than the others because your mind is fully open and working on the subject. After your list of points is ready, join important phrases putting proverbs, nouns, and adjectives as sealants to come up with a title. Revise the title so that it fits within the character limit established by your teacher. These are some general guidelines for writing any sort of topic on a Hamlet essay. If you follow these guidelines correctly and practice writing essay topics, you will soon get really good at it. List of Hamlet Essay Topics You Can Get Idea From We have compiled a list of essay topics on Hamlet for you. They will give you a good idea of how a topic should be. Go through them and see which one fits best with your essay! Important themes in Hamlet. Hamletââ¬â¢s relationship with Ophelia in light of his revenge mission. Revenge and its consequences: the prime focus of Hamlet`s Despite being enemies, Hamlet and Laertes have many similarities. Discuss their similarities and differences. Influence of male characters on the actions of female characters in Hamlet. Laertes embarks on the mission of revenge. Discuss his justification for seeking revenge. Role of imagery in the overall mood of Hamlet. Discuss the truth in the line, ââ¬Å"His madness is poor Hamletââ¬â¢s enemy.â⬠Gertrudeââ¬â¢s love for Hamlet. Discuss the elements of consistency, conflict, and probability in Hamlet. Portrayal of women in the play Hamlet. Deception in Hamlet. Hamletââ¬â¢s pessimistic understanding of the role of love in the family. Compare and contrast the characters of Claudius and Laertes. Inferring the meaning of love from Hamlet. The effect of Gertrude and Claudiusââ¬â¢s marriage on the psychology of Hamlet. The tragedy of Hamlet. Discuss Hamletââ¬â¢s relationship with his mother Gertrude. Write down a character analysis of Hamlet. The reasons why Hamlet is still a popular play in the 21st Some Very Important Hamlet Essay Questions It is always advisable for students to prepare essay questions on Hamlet because sooner or later, they will be required to answer either them or similar questions. We have put together some very important questions on Hamlet for you. You can start over by preparing answers for them. As you write the answers, you will not only develop the skill of writing answers on questions related to Hamlet but will also get the details of the story carved in your memory which will help you answer any type of question on Hamlet. Some important questions on Hamlet are as follows: Do you agree to Hamletââ¬â¢s way of finding the culprit? If yes, why? If no, why not? What made Hamletââ¬â¢s mother be with her husbandââ¬â¢s killer emotionally and physically? Is she a bad person? Why or why not? Was Hamlet actually full of real or feigned madness? Whats the difference between the mad and the sane characters in the play, especially in what they say and how they say it? Golden Rules for Hamlet Essay Prompts For your convenience, we have prepared a list of points that you can take care of while writing any kind of essay on Hamlet. They come in handy because they apply on all topics on the subject. Just memorize them well and try writing essays according to them. Every time you have to write, go through the summary once and refresh characters and events in your mind. Prepare an outline before you start writing the essay. Have a proper thesis statement, and topic statements for your body paragraphs, in addition to an introduction and conclusion. Draw upon the outline to write the essay, joining ideas and filling gaps. Call Us Now for Good Hamlet Essay Ideas If you want help, donââ¬â¢t delay it. Give us a call or join the Live Chat. Weââ¬â¢ll deliver you the best essay within your deadline! dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-49815864505508936892019-11-25T23:06:00.001-08:002019-11-25T23:06:03.755-08:00What to Do If Your College Friend Is BulliedWhat to Do If Your College Friend Is Bullied In this article weââ¬â¢re going to take a look at some ââ¬Å"safe playsâ⬠you can depend on should a bullying issue come up with someone youââ¬â¢re close to. These days itââ¬â¢s no joke. Our point here is to make sure youââ¬â¢re informed and you can cover your freaking ass as well. And, with that said letââ¬â¢s get right to it. 1 Examine Whether Itââ¬â¢s an Isolated Incident or an Issue Honestly, saying the word ââ¬Å"bullyâ⬠these days on campus is like saying ââ¬Å"bombâ⬠on an airplane. People donââ¬â¢t just go throwing it around or jumping to conclusions. If your friend hasnââ¬â¢t been roughed up physically, then take the time to evaluate the matter closely. Was is coincidental or situational in nature? Is it likely to happen again, or has it been going on for a while? Is your friend overreactingâ⬠¦honestly? Furthermore, the last thing you want to do is to cause a bunch of drama or potentially label someone a bully only to find out that it was all just a big misunderstanding. And secondly, people today need to be a little more resilient. Sometimes these situations are points in the road that define our characters. Confrontations, if they donââ¬â¢t get violent, are a part of life. If itââ¬â¢s an issue, confront your friend about it. If a serious physical, emotional, psychological or verbal abuse is taking place, then you need to confront not the bully, but your friend about it. Whatââ¬â¢s up? How long has this been going on? How serious is it? Why havenââ¬â¢t they stood up for themselves yet, or if they have, why havenââ¬â¢t they sought help up to this point? Letââ¬â¢s be honest, many times itââ¬â¢s the weaker that get picked on. Weaker in many different senses of the word, not just physically. This type of treatment wears down on us and takes its toll, especially when weââ¬â¢re younger. 2 Figure Out If Itââ¬â¢s Possible to Confront the Bully Without Making Things Worse No, you shouldnââ¬â¢t ââ¬Å"confrontâ⬠anyone on a social media channel. Thatââ¬â¢s just downright childish. Confrontations should ideally happen in controlled and safe or public environments where a physical encounter (otherwise known as big trouble) can be avoided. Is it possible to simply confront this person and in the matter of fact ask, ââ¬Å"Why are you bullying me/my friend?â⬠Put them on the spot. Donââ¬â¢t be afraid to confront them publically if they are indeed a bully and no one has had the guts to do it yet. Oftentimes this can be the wakeup call that ââ¬Å"bulliesâ⬠which are human being too, need. But, if itââ¬â¢s likely to cause trouble or just doesnââ¬â¢t seem like the smart play then avoid the person or group and skip to the next strategy. Thereââ¬â¢s no reason to put your or your friends safety at risk. If the goal is revenge, or is anger-based then step back and take a deep breath. These days is this really something you want to risk? Colleges are deathly afraid of bad press, and bullying is a paramount issue that no colleges want to be attached to. 3 Take Advantage of Any College Mediation Counselors or Services Chances are your college has mediation counselors and services that can pretty much take care of the situation for you. Theyââ¬â¢ll arrange the confrontation in a highly controlled environment. 9 times out of 10 mediation services get things worked out without more trouble. And, thereââ¬â¢s absolutely no shame in turning to them. Again, ââ¬Å"bullyingâ⬠is like kryptonite. Everyone wants to avoid it. These people are trained to solve problems. If youââ¬â¢re a freshmen or sophomore living in dorms thereââ¬â¢s probably a mediation counselor for your dorm. Regardless, the perpetrator will know afterwards that theyââ¬â¢re on watch and their college career is now ââ¬Å"on the radarâ⬠so make sure that contacting mediation services is warranted. 4 Donââ¬â¢t Even Think About Retaliating in a Way That Will Create a Much Bigger Problem To be blunt, the cops could so easily get involved and if they do then youââ¬â¢re in for some serious trouble if youââ¬â¢re a part of the shenanigans. And hereââ¬â¢s the elephant in the room: school shootings. The sad fact is that theyââ¬â¢re way too common these days theyââ¬â¢re oftentimes connected to some form of bullying. No oneââ¬â¢s saying youââ¬â¢ll do anything like that, but if you or your friend start talking tough or saying retarded things about retaliating someone is likely to take you at your word, call the cops and you could have a full-on swat team invade your dorm room. This is serious! Donââ¬â¢t retaliate. Be an adult and do things the right way. And, if your friend is out looking for trouble that could jeopardize your life and your goals, then maybe you should reexamine your friendship? What do you think? dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-64492146608313613652019-11-22T06:29:00.001-08:002019-11-22T06:29:05.014-08:00An Overview of Capitalism Using the Method of MarxismAn Overview of Capitalism Using the Method of Marxism Marxian theories against capitalism Historical materialism Marxââ¬â¢s theory of historical materialism, inspired by Hegelââ¬â¢s phenomenology, stated that both human societies and cultural institutions resulted from economic activity. Unlike Hegel who stated that abstract ideas were the cause of change, however, Marx proposed that material, economic forces, and their relationship with the natural, biological and physical world, were the determining proponents of dialectical change. History rests in the internal contradictions in the system of material production (producing what people need for survival), and other factors that have influenced society, such as geographical movement and growth of population, were not as determinant as the mode of production. Any changes in the material and economic conditions of a society also imply changes in its social relations. Social change, then, resulted from internal conflicts in a societyââ¬â¢s economy. The social reality determines human consciousness. The mode of production is composed of two aspects: the productive forces and menââ¬â¢s relations of production. The productive forces include the instruments of production wherewith material values needed for survival, such as food, clothing, shelter, fuel, etc., are produced and the people who use these instruments in the production of material values through their production experience and labor skill. Menââ¬â¢s relations of productions, on the other hand, refer to the relations the people make with each other during production. These may come in the form of cooperation and mutual help, and in domination and subordination. Marx regarded revolutions not as political accidents, but manifestations of the historical progress of societies. Revolutions occur when modes of production ââ¬Å"matureâ⬠, or contradict themselves to the point that they eventually collapse. Marx recounts human history in terms of four modes of production. The first mode of production, named asiatic, was considered as primitive communism, It was characterized by a communal ownership of land and essential economic resources. This mode of production was phased out when physically stronger people instituted the concept of private property. The ancient mode of production gave authority to people with physical, political and material strength ââ¬â the masters while the non-owning class were slaves. Slaves were treated as commodities and made to engage in torturous menial and physical labor. This started a revolution of the slaves against their masters. The feudal mode of production was characterized, again, by two classes: feudal lords and serfs. Lords owned the land, and their job was to lease land and employ agricultural labor in their lands. The serfs worked in the lands and paid taxes in exchange for the lordsââ¬â¢ protection. Like in the ancient mode of production, the serfs revolted against the lords. Industrialism grew becaus e of the revolution. Finally, the capitalistic mode of production, and the one Marx was most bothered with, caused the migration from rural to urban areas. There were two working classes as well: the bourgeoisie, who owned most of societyââ¬â¢s wealth and means of production, and the proletariats, who rendered service for survival. Marx wanted that the exploitation present since the ancient mode of production would dispel, and so proposed socialism and communism. Socialism is the beginning stage wherein society is classless, while communism is the final stage wherein equality has been thoroughly implemented and private property and ownership are absent. Alienation The Marxist definition of alienation means that man does not experience himself as the acting agent in his grasp of the world, but that the world remains alien to him. The process of alienation is expressed in work and the division of labor, especially due to the emergence of capitalism and private property. Eventually, labor rules over the man and becomes a power independent of its producer. Manââ¬â¢s identity and consciousness of himself and his world becomes marred. ââ¬Å"The object produced by labor, its product, now stands opposed to it as an alien being, as a power independent of the producer. The product of labor is labor which has been embodied in an object and turned into a physical thing; this product is an objectification of laborâ⬠Marx seeks the liberation of man from labor that destroys his individuality through his criticism of capitalism. Capitalist production, according to him, transforms the relations of individuals into qualities of things, and exploits its producers like machines through aliented labor. He differentiates proper work and alienated labor as thus: ââ¬Å"Man no longer reproduces himself merely intellectually, as in consciousness, but actively and in a real sense, and he sees his own reflection in a world which he has constructed. While, therefore, alienated labor takes away the object of production from man, it also takes away his species life, his real objectivity as a species-being, and changes his advantage over animals into a disadvantage in so far as his inorganic body, nature, is taken from him. Just as alienated labor transforms free and self-directed activity into a means, so it transforms the species life of man into a means of physical existence. Consciousness, which man has from his species, is transformed through alienation so that species life becomes only a means for him. Alienation also leads to the perversion of moral values, as man is too conscious of economyââ¬â¢s values gain, work, thrift and sobriety to develop virtues. Due to the rising importance of commodities and money, for every new product, the potential for deceit and robbery grows. The alienated man only knows one way of relating himself to the world: through having and consuming it. He becomes more needy for money and possessions, and watches for signs of weaknesses in which he can maximize his gain. Class Consciousness Class consciousness is recognizing that the different interests and conditions of living between the two classes (bourgeois and proletariat) define their relationship with each other. This occurs when there is awareness from the working class that the conditions of labor and living of their class was created by the upper class. Once this happens, the working class becomes the enemy of the upper class. There are six features of class consciousness, although it was not Marx, but Bertell Ollman, who came up with them. The first feature pertains to the subjective and objective identity and interests of membership in a class. ââ¬Å"Subjectiveâ⬠refers to what people think about their class situation, while ââ¬Å"objectiveâ⬠refers to how the classes actually worked as seen in historical development, The second feature is that people must be knowledgeable about how capitalism works, either to benefit or deter them. The third feature pertains to the ââ¬Å"broad outlines of class struggle and where one fits into itâ⬠. The fourth feature pertains to the solidarity with other members of the same class, which are exemplified by worker unions and revolts. The fifth feature is a ââ¬Å"rational hostilityâ⬠towards the opposing class. The last feature pertains to having a ââ¬Å"vision of a more democratic and egalitarian society that is not only possible but is a condition individuals can help bring about.â⬠dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-90393432032356723292019-11-20T21:06:00.001-08:002019-11-20T21:06:04.323-08:00Has the Global Financial Crisis lead to fundamental change in the Essay - 1Has the Global Financial Crisis lead to fundamental change in the relationship between government and business - Essay Example Business is one segment in which governments made some policy changes in order to strengthen the business activities in a controlled manner. In some sectors governments imposed more restrictions whereas in some other sectors government liberalized the rules and assisted the business people to come out from the recession. For example, governments put more control on the activities of financial institutions like banks whereas they assisted other business entities like the automobile sectors in order to save that sector from total destruction. In other words, the relationship between the government and different business entities has undergone contrasting changes because of recession. This paper analyses the extent of changes happened in relationships between the governments and the business because of recession. The relationship between government and business is important both for the government and the business groups. Governments are primarily operating for safeguarding the interests of the people whereas business always works on making profits. Business always tries to exploit the public resources injudiciously to increase their profits. In other words, the interests of public and business are often contradictory and may not go hand in hand. Governments are fixing the boundaries or the norms in order to reach a compromise between the interests of the people and the interests of business. Government need to protect the interests of both. In order to grow economically, business activities should be increased and for that purpose, more liberalized rules are essential. At the same time, these liberalized rules should never affect the public interest negatively. Thus governments are acting as a bridge between the people and business ensuring that either the people or the business taking any undue advantages. According to the renowned economist John Maynard Keynes, a purely free market system would tend to dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-35931302512653032012019-11-19T00:33:00.001-08:002019-11-19T00:33:03.730-08:00Rip Van Winkle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsRip Van Winkle - Essay Example Rip Van Winkle: the Passive Protagonist. On the surface, Washington Irvingââ¬â¢s A Posthumous Writing of Diedrich Knickerbockerà appears to be a fairy tale which requires the reader to willingly suspend his disbelief. However, further reading gives it a deeper meaning. Rip Van Winkle, the protagonist of the story, has an out-of-the-ordinary experience in the Catskill Mountain and falls sleeps for twenty years. He returns to his village to find the old order of things changed by the American Revolution. When we consider that the story has been plotted so that the protagonist is absent during such a momentous period of American history, it is evident that the author is attempting to convey a particular message to the reader. I believe that Washington Irvingââ¬â¢s purpose in writing Rip Van Winkle is to assert that the old, even when it is not a catalyst of change, can serve as a cherished and valuable agent of continuity with the new. Rip Van Winkle is a passive protagonist, bu t retains his relevance until the end of the narrative. Rip Van Winkle is ââ¬Å"a simple, good-natured fellowâ⬠who is ââ¬Å"pliant and malleableâ⬠(Washington, 2011, p.32), in his dealings with his fellow-men. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-18822094176536462142019-11-16T13:05:00.001-08:002019-11-16T13:05:08.391-08:00Corporate governance Essay Example for Free Corporate governance Essay Corporate governance is concerned with the structures and systems of control by which managers are held accountable to those who have a legitimate stake in an organization. It has become an increasingly important issue for organizations for three main reasons. The separation of ownership and management control of organizations (which is now the norm except with very small businesses) means that most organizations operate within a hierarchy, or chain, of governance. This chain represents those groups that influence an organization through their involvement in either ownership or management of an organization. Increased accountability to wider stakeholder interests has also come to be increasingly advocated; in particular the argument that corporations need to be more visibly accountable and/or responsive, not only to ââ¬Ëownersââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëmanagersââ¬â¢ in the governance chain but to wider social interest Corporate scandals since the late 1990s have increased public debate about how different parties in the governance chain should interact and influence each other. Most notable here is the relationship between shareholders and the boards of businesses, but an equivalent issue in the public sector is the relationship between government or public funding bodies and public sector organizations. As the key purpose of Corporate governance drive the benefit of shareholder of the company all members of corporate governance model responsible and accountable for driving this primary objective. 1.1 Five Golden Rules of Corporate Governance And best corporate governance practice is not simply about a battle between distant, disloyal institutional shareholders and greedy directors but about the ethos of the organization and fulfilling its clearly agreed goals. 5 golden rules of Corporate Governance of successful organization are: 1. Ethics: a clearly ethical basis to the business 2. Align Business Goals: appropriate goals, arrived at through the creation of a suitable stakeholder decision making model 3. Strategic management: an effective strategy process which incorporates stakeholder value 4. Organization: an organization suitably structured to effect good corporate governance 5. Reporting: reporting systems structured to provide transparency and accountability 2 Objectives of study Objective of this case study is to understand and critically examine flaws, failure of Corporate Governance on Satyam Computerââ¬â¢s strategic decisions. Also analyze what are the areas those can be influenced by proper Corporate Governance. This case also helps understanding Governments roles to tackle firms or intervene in firmââ¬â¢s functionality in the interest of internal and external stakeholders. Not only were there failures at the regulatory level, but also at the executive level. With no express code for corporate governance in India, the company failed to follow the industry standard best practices and as a result, collapsed. This study would be useful in identifying the different kind of failures in a family owned business like Satyam and to policy makers in designing and implementing corporate governance frameworks for professionally managed as well as family managed businesses like Satyam. This case also reveals how wrong decisions can damage entire organization and dent the image of company. This case also focuses certain legal issues related to roles and responsibilities of Chairman and other top management including critical role of independent directors of organization. This Case Study focuses laws and gaps in the Indian context. 3 Historical Evolution of the company Satyam was incorporated on June 24, 1987 as a private limited company providing software development and consulting services based out of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Ramalinga Raju and his brother Rama Raju were the promoters of the company. Before starting Satyam these duo were involved in other businesses like construction and textiles. This company was started with 20 employees 1991, this company went in for IPO where it was oversubscribed by 17 times. Same year it could bag clients like John Deere co which is fortune 500 company. This is the first time it adopted offshoring model. 1993, Satyam formed joint ventures with clients like D B and also with GE. In 1996 Satyam started its on shore offices in US and Japan. And its first development center in New Jersey, 1998. By 1999 it had operations in 30 countries and was assessed SEI CMM Level 5, one of the very few companies to get this accreditation by then. In 2000, Satyam grew by 10000 employees and got listed in NASDAQ ( National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) in 2001. 2004 Satyam was providing services in 45 countries with employee base of 15000. At that time Company was operating in various verticals with 18 development centers. Company crossed 1Billion revenues by 2006. Satyamââ¬â¢s revenues grew to 2 billion by 2008 with a net income of 417mn. Gained 186 of fortune 500 customers. Sailing in the industry with 46000 employees by March 2008 with operations across 66 countries. By September 2008 it recorded revenue of 28.19Bn. 3.1 Corporate Governance Practice at Satyam To explain the level of commitment and ethics to society it was mentioned by both inside and outside members of Satyam that on the day of Ramalinga Raju fatherââ¬â¢s cremation he attended shareholders meeting. Companyââ¬â¢s ethics and level commitment were stressed in many annual reports. Corporate Governance was driven by its core values Associate Delight Investor Delight Customer Delight Pursuit of Excellence Company stated thatâ⬠it believes that corporate governance practices provide an important framework to help the board of directors to fulfill its responsibilitiesâ⬠Main duties of the board were to set strategic direction to the company and leading the organization in the right direction there by ensuring long term interest of investor and other stakeholders of the company. Source: Satyam Computer Services, Report on Corporate Governance 2006-07 For independent functioning, the board comprised of both executive and non-executive members. Board also comprised several committees like Investor Grievances committee Compensation Committee Audit Committee The board was governed by code of conduct, which specified that all employees, directors needed to carry out their duties legally, honestly and ethically. It also specified all clauses that avoid any code of conflict etc.., Companyââ¬â¢s Whistle Blower policy was also in place. According to experts though sound policies were in place none of the directors were objecting Rajuââ¬â¢ s decisions even though they are against the interest of investor. It continued till the time when Raju was planning to acquire Maytas where the biz of Target Company was not aligning to Satyam and also those companies are promoted by Ramalinga Rajuââ¬â¢s family members. 3.2 Role and Powers of Independent Directors (clause 49 of SEBI) SEBI had constituted a Committee on Corporate Governance under the chairmanship of N R Narayana Murthy to improve standards of corporate governance in India. SEBI introduced some major amendments based on the report on this committee on 26th August, 2003, in clause 49 of its listing agreement. Applicability of Clause 49 All companies which were required to comply with the requirement of the erstwhile clause 49 i.e. all listed entities having a paid up share capital of Rs 3 crores and above or net worth of Rs 25 crores or more at any time in the history of the entity, are required to comply with the requirement of this clause. This clause does not apply to other listed entities, which are not companies, but body corporates, incorporated under other statutes. Clause 49 will apply to these institutions as long as it does not violate their respective statutes, guidelines or directives. Clause 49 of the SEBIââ¬â¢s listing agreement relates to Independent Directors. Clause 49 Corporate Governance The company agrees to comply with the following provisions: I. Board of Directors (A) Composition of Board (i) The Board of directors of the company shall have an optimum combination of executive22 and non-executive23 directors with not less than fifty percent of the board of directors comprising of non-execu tive directors. (ii) Where the Chairman of the Board is a non-executive director, at least one-third of the Board should comprise of independent directors and in case he is an executive director, at least half of the Board should comprise of independent directors. (iii) For the purpose of the sub-clause (ii), the expression ââ¬Ëindependent directorââ¬â¢ shall mean a non-executive director of the company who: a. Apart from receiving directorââ¬Ës remuneration, does not have any material pecuniary relationships or transactions with the company, its promoters, its directors, its senior management or its holding company, its subsidiaries and associates which may affect independence of the director; b. Is not related to promoters or persons occupying management positions at the board level or at one level below the boardx` c. Has not been an executive of the company in the immediately preceding three financial years; d. Is not a partner or an executive or was not partner or an executive during the preceding three years, of any of the following: 1. The statutory audit firm or the internal audit firm that is associated with the company, and 2. The legal firm(s) and consulting firm(s) that have a material association with the company. e. Is not a material supplier, service provider or customer or a lessor or lessee of the company, which may affect independence of the director; and f. Is not a substantial shareholder of the company i.e. owning two percent or more of the block of voting shares. OTHER DEFINITIONS The Department of Company Affairs (DCA) had appointed a Committee headed by Mr. Naresh Chandra along with the distinct professionals from various fields. Apart from this, the Kumaramangalam Report also has suggestions about Independent Directors. Some definitions on Independent Directors. THE CADBURY REPORT (1992) Apart from their directorsââ¬Ë fees and shareholdings, they should be independent of management and free from any business or other relationship which could materially interfere with the exercise of their independent judgmentââ¬â". THE KUMARAMANGALAM REPORT (1998) ââ¬â¢Independent directors are those directors who apart from receiving directorââ¬Ës remuneration do not have any other material pecuniary relationship or transactions with the company, its promoters, its management or its subsidiaries, which in the judgment of the board may affect their independence of judgment THE NARESH CHANDRA REPORT (2003) Apart from receiving directorââ¬Ës remuneration, does not have any other material pecuniary relationships or transactions with the company, its promoters and senior management.ââ¬â" It is significant to mention hear that the Naresh Chandra Committee report has opined that the recommendations made by the Kumaramangalam Committee in relation to independent directors are not precise and cannot fulfill the requirement of the independency as compared to the International best-in-class definitions and other pragmatic factors.25 An independent director is characterized by the following principle features: COMPANIES ACT, 1956 INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS Under the Companies Act,1956 the powers and duties of directors has evolved under interpretation of various Sections such as 291, 297, 299, 397, 398, 408, 629A, to name a few which have recognised and upheld directorsââ¬Ë fiduciary duties to shareholders, to act with due care, skill and good faith. Sections 297 and 299, for example, are intended to eliminate possibility of conflict of interest. Unfortunately, the Act does not envisage a proper remedial regime, providing for rescission of underlying transactions, compensation for corporate and stakeholder losses, disgorgement of ill-gotten gains etc. Theoretically, some of these reliefs can be agitated for before the Company Law Board ââ¬â but courts are hesitant to pass such drastic orders, in cases of such large, reputed companies ROLE OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR TOWARDS SHAREHOLDERS Corporate Governance principles all over and listing requirements assign tasks that have a potential for conflict of interest to independent directors, examples of these are integrity of financial and non-financial reporting, review of related party transactions, nomination of board members and key executives remuneration. The shareholders, especially the minority shareholders, look to independent directors providing transparency in respect of the disclosures in the working of the company as well as providing balance towards resolving conflict areas. In evaluating the boardââ¬Ës or management decisions in respect of employees, creditors and other suppliers of major service providers, independent directors have a significant role in protecting the stakeholders interests. One of the mandatory requirements of audit committee is to look into the reasons for default in payments to deposit holders, debentures, non-payment of declared dividend and creditors. Further they are required to review the functioning of the ââ¬â¢Whistle Blower mechanismââ¬â" and related party transactions. These, essentially, safeguard the interests of the stakeholders 4 Major strategic decisions and its consequence December 16th 2008, Chairman Ramalinga Raju in a surprise move announced intent to acquire Maytas Properties and Maytas construction companies for a whopping 1.6Bn. While it is evident that these two companies are promoted by Ramalinga Rajuââ¬â¢ s family in the industry circles it was not clear why should a IT services company focus on infra and property business. As the decisions was opposed by investors and clear indication of market fluctuation made Ramalinga Raju to revert his decision in 12 hours. Share prices plunges by 55% on concerns about Satyamââ¬â¢s corporate governance. In a surprise move, the World Bank announced on December 23, 2008 that Satyam has been barred from business with World Bank for eight years for providing Bank staff with ââ¬Å"improper benefitsâ⬠and charged with data theft and bribing the staff. Share prices fell another 14% to the lowest in over 4 years. The lone independent director since 1991, US academician Mangalam Srinivasan, announced resignation followed by the resignation of three more independent directors on December 28 i.e. Vinod K Dham (famously known as father of the Pentium and an ex Intel employee), M Rammohan Rao (Dean of the renowned Indian School of Business) and Krishna Palepu (professor at Harvard Business School)6. At last, on January 7, 2009, B. Ramalinga Raju announced confession of over Rs. 7800 crore financial fraud and he resigned as chairman of Satyam. A week after Satyam founder B Ramalinga Rajuââ¬â¢ s scandalous confession, Satyamââ¬â¢s auditors Price Waterhouse finally admitted that its audit report was wrong as it was based on wrong financial statements provided by the Satyamââ¬â¢s managementââ¬â¢s On January 22, 2009, Satyamââ¬â¢s CFO Srinivas Vadlamani confessed to having inflated the number of employees by 10,000 Satyam share price have seen sharp decline within hours of the outburst of the incident and further deteriorated after Ramalinga Rajuââ¬â¢s confession Source: http://akpinsight-ijcbs.webs.com 5 Implementation of strategic decision On 30th Sep 2008, Satyam reported that it had cash reserves of 1.2Bn and on December 16th company expressed intent of acquiring Maytas Properties and Maytas Constructions for 1.6Bn. While Maytas infra a public listed company operating for two decades Maytas properties s only 6 months old which declared a revenue of 7.37Bn and net profit of 370 mn. On December 16th 2008 Satyam board approved acquisition of Maytas. The cash reserve to be used by Satyam to buy 51% of equity stake in Maytas infra for 1.3Bn USD and for Maytas properties 300 mn USD. Satyam planning to acquire 31% of the holding of the Raju family in Maytas Infra and another 20% through open offer to shareholders. The promoters held 36.64% equity stake in Maytas infra . Satyam planning to pay 475 Rs per Share which was 1.25% less than closing value December 16th and open offer made at 525 rs from the existing Maytas infra shareholders. After approval from board Ramalinga Raju announced this as a strategic move to de-risk core business by bootstrapping a new business vertical. He also called out that this would de-risk the recessional impacts on the current vertical of core business. Announcement however trigger negative reaction from industry, investors and stock markets. Satyamââ¬â¢s stock got severe beating on December 16;.The ADR fell from 12.55 to 5.70 after this announcement . On Bombay Stock Exchange the stock fell from 226 to 158 rs. It went down further to 134 on December 24th 2008. The decision attracted lot of criticism that promoters who has only 8.74% equity stake in the company were being allowed by the board to transfer a considerable amount of money from Satyam to Maytas where Ramalinga Rajuââ¬â¢ s family own more stake. Analysts called that this is act of siphon to move cash from Satyam into a place where Rajuââ¬â¢ s family has more stake. Experts also called that if board is convinced with the deal then it is their responsibility to inform major investment institutions which is a good sign of proper corporate governance. Valuation of Maytas was not transparent and this was not even informed to investors in advance. Investors called this process as act of misuse of Satyam funds and itââ¬â¢s a nepotism. Registrar of Companies asked Satyam to submit minutes of board meeting for validity and review held on December 16th 2008. However Satyam could not provide minutes of meeting in the said deadline given by RoC. These reactions compelled Satyam to roll back the decision within 12 hours .These accusations lead to few international issues where the long battle between British Virgin Island Based Upaid system and Raju and Satyam CFO. There are three cases breach of contract, forgery filed by filed by UPaid and one disparagement filed by Satyam. On December 23 2008 World Bank announced that it will bar Satyam to take any of its contracts for next 8 years due to improper invoice and benefit to employees. It was reported that Satyam sold its preferential shares to World Bank CIO. Before Maytas controversy got over DSP-Merlynch announced that it is terminating its advisory agreement with Satyam. In its communication it said considering various strategic options it had terminated its advisory agreement also quoted that it was to their understanding that there are accounting irregularities which prompted them above decision. Analysts said that this move compelled Raju to confess as SEBI asked DSP-Merlynch asking why it had to withdraw the agreement. 6 Merits/Flaws of implementation Following are the Governance Flaws noticed in the case of Satyam computer Services Limited 6.1 Unethical Conduct It is evident that founder of the company wanted to make money any which way by avoiding taxes, cooking books , creating false payrolls and pay offs. Shareholders, employees and clients realized steady diet of (A)Satyam. He was not following the spirit behind its name. Along with his brother Rama Raju who is his also managing director of the company disguised all this from companyââ¬â¢s board , senior managers and auditors for several years. Confession revealed the fraudulent and unethical behavior of the duo who bagged many awards and rewards for his best corporate governance including prestigious Golden Peacock award. Both CEO and CFO charged for putting self-interests ahead of companyââ¬â¢s interests. 6.2 A case of insider trading Both central and state investigation agencies and also audit firms revealed and established that promoters indulged in the nastiest kind of insider trading of companyââ¬â¢s shares to raise money for building large land banks. It was established that money raised by Ramalinga Raju and Rama Raju along with his relatives used to buy lands in 330 binami companies. 6.3 Case of False Books and Bogus Accounts The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), 23 a multi-disciplinary investigating arm of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, set up in 2003 with officials from various law enforcement agencies, was asked to investigate the fudging of accounts as admitted by B. Ramalinga Raju. the consent of the board was unanimously accorded after which Raju proposed the merger of MIL and MPL to the shareholders, which came in for stiff resistant, and issue of corporate governance was raised.â⬠A couple of weeks later, Ramalinga Raju dropped a bombshell by sending a letter of admission to SEBI and the board of directors that he had fudged the accounts of Satyam and that the balance sheet as on September 30, 2008 carried an inflated (non-existent) cash and bank balances of Rs 5040 crore, non-existent interest of Rs 376 crore and understated liability of Rs 1230 crore Source: http://www.applied-corporate-governance.com/best-corporate-governance-practice.html 6.4 Lax Board The Satyam Board was composed of ââ¬Ëchairman-friendlyââ¬â¢ directors who failed to question managements strategy and use of leverage in recasting the company; they were also extremely slow to act when it was already clear that the company was in financial distress. The glue that held the board members together was Ramalinga Raju. Each of the board members were there on his personal invitation and (that) made them ineffective. The Board ignored, or failed to act on, critical information related to financial wrongdoings before the company ultimately collapsed. It was only when Ramalinga Raju in the December, 2008 announced a $1.6 billion bid for two Maytas companies i.e. Maytas Infra and Maytas Properties, and while the share market reacted very strongly against the bid and prices plunged by 55 % on concerns about Satyamââ¬â¢s corporate governance, that some of the independent directors came into action by announcing their withdrawal from the Board 6.5 Unconvinced Role of Independent Directors The Satyam episode has brought out the failure of the present corporate governance structure that hinges on the independent directors, who are supposed to bring objectivity to the oversight function of the board and improve its effectiveness. They serve as watchdogs over management, which involves keeping their eyes and ears open at Board deliberations with critical eye raising queries when decisions scent wrong. Stakeholders place high expectations on them but the Satyamââ¬â¢s case reveals such expectations are misplaced. Six of the nine directors on Satyamââ¬â¢s Board were independent directors including US academician Mangalam Srinivasan (the independent director since 1991), Vinod K. Dham (famously known as father of the Pentium and an ex Intel employee), M Rammohan Rao (Dean of Indian School of Business), US Raju (former director of IIT Delhi), T.R. Prasad (former Cabinet Secretary) and Krishna Palepu (professor at Harvard Business School). They were men of standing reputation. To avoid any controversy, the two founder directors did not participate in the decision making process for the reason that the provisions of the Companies Act and SEBI regulations mandate presence of only disinterested directors in board meeting where the agenda of such a nature is discussed. This naturally causes suspicion on the role performed by the independent directors present in that meeting. What concerns everyone is that those independent directors allowed themselves to be party to the mysterious designs of the promoter directors. It is hard to believe that such eminent and experienced personalities could not discover the well-planned massive fraud and manipulations. 6.6 Questionable Role of Audit Firm/Committee The true role of audit committee in prà ©cis is to ensure transparency in the company, that financial disclosures and financial statements provide a correct, sufficient and creditable picture and that, cases of frauds, irregularities, failure of internal control system within the organization, were minimized, which the committee failed to carry out. The timely action on the information supplied by 18 a whistleblower to the chairman and members of the audit committee (an e-mail dated December 18, 2008 by Jose Abraham), could serve as an SOS to the company, but, they chose to keep silent and did not report the matter to the shareholders or the regulatory authorities. The Board members on audit committee who failed to perform their duties alertly be therefore tried out under the provisions of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (an unimaginable fine extendable to rupees 25 crore by also including imprisonment for a term, which may extent to 10 years). 6.7 Suspicious Role of Rating Agencies Credit rating agencies have been consistently accused of their lax attitude in assessing issuers and giving misleading ratings without thorough analysis, as has been the case of Enron and now in Satyam, they failed to warn market participants about the deteriorating condition of company. On December 2, 2001, Enron Corporation, the USAââ¬â¢s 7th largest corporation declared bankruptcy when it was rated investment grade by all the credit rating agencies even four days before its bankruptcy. None of the watchdogs barked, including the credit rating agencies, which had greater access to Enronââ¬â¢s books. In the case of Satyam, credit rating agencies have been heavily criticized as regards their role and for the accuracy of their ratings. The rating agencies were allowed to look into companyââ¬â¢s books for making assessments but they never investigated the financial condition of Satyam. The rating agencies displayed lack of due diligence in their coverage and assessment of Satyam. They based their analysis on fraudulently prepared and audited financial statements and thereby failed to warn investors about Satyamââ¬â¢s deteriorating condition. 6.8 Questionable Role of Banks The ICAI Probe Panel has hit out at banks for not doing due diligence on Satyam Software Services Ltd before giving it loans. While sanctioning short term loans why not the banks posed any question as to why the company which was supposedly cash rich as per the financial statements was taking loans from them. The Panel wondered why the government put Deepak Parikh on its Board despite his HDFC group being a major creditor to the company. The banks that gave loans to Satyam during 2000-08 despite the company claiming huge surpluses were HDFC Bank (Rs 530 Crore, Citibank (223.87 Crore), Citicorp Finance (Rs222.28 Crore), ICICI Bank (Rs 40 Crore), and BNP Paribas (Rs 20 Crore) totaling Rs 122.161 Crore. 6.9 Fake Audit PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)ââ¬â¢s audit firm, Price Waterhouse, was in the auditor for Satyam and have been auditing their accounts since 2000-01. The fraudulent role played by the PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) in the failure of Satyam matches the role played by Arthur Anderson in the collapse of Enron. S Goplakrishnan and S Talluri, partners of PwC according to the SFIO findings, had admitted they did not come across any case or instance of fraud by the company. However, Ramalinga Raju admission of having fudged the accounts for several years put the role of these statutory auditors on the dock. The SFIO report stated that the statutory auditors instead of using an independent testing mechanism used Satyamââ¬â¢s investigative tools and thereby compromised on reporting standards. dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5390674060179727985.post-64271720597663337602019-11-14T01:37:00.001-08:002019-11-14T01:37:02.901-08:00Essay --From analgesics to chemotherapy, over the years Medicinal Chemistry has helped treat a range of diseases and pathogens. My reasons for wanting to pursue a career in this field stem from my fascination with how drugs function and recondition imbalances in the human body. How a tiny tablet, so small and insignificant looking, can at times achieve such life-enhancing results. However that simple tablet requires a substantial amount of engineering for it to restore the bodyââ¬â¢s natural rhythm. After reading the article ââ¬Å"Inside the Mind of a Medicinal Chemistâ⬠I discovered how computers and algorithms are used to make the decision process behind compound prioritization easier, which in turn reduces the amount of time spent on manufacturing the product. It is fascinating to learn that consensus is not always achievable between medicinal chemists and this highlighted for me the scope of opportunities available for research within the field. My love for Chemistry fuels my analytical approach which is why I am constantly querying the ââ¬Å"how?â⬠and the ââ¬Å"why?â⬠behind the engineering of medicine. I... dawncollins199353http://www.blogger.com/profile/05604421036530589154noreply@blogger.com0